ICS - Working Papers
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
- With God on their side: the religious populism of Bolsonaro and VenturaPublication . Zúquete, José Pedro; Guimarães, Gabriel; Pimenta, DavidThis paper discusses the relationship between populism and religion by focusing on a comparative analysis of Brazil’s Jair Bolsonaro and Portugal’s André Ventura. The article describes each respective leader’s individual path and personal relationship with religion, the ways that each expresses and performs religiosity, each claims a special mission bestowed by the divine, and the parallels between and differences in each leader’s use of religion for political causes. This comparative study emphasizes the role religion plays in each figure’s leadership as an identity and civilizational marker while both Bolsonaro and Ventura invoke religion in depicting their political activities as a combat against a variety of evil forces; however, this comparative study casts doubt on oversimplified assertions that exclude the power of actual religious belief in both cases under analysis.
- Working paper: Quality of the European News EcologyPublication . Salgado, SusanaWorking paper on the Quality of the European News Ecology.
- A Long International Monetary Fund Intervention: Portugal 1975-1979Publication . Amaral, Luciano; Silva, Álvaro Ferreira da; Simpson, DuncanMost of the literature on the interventions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Portugal points to the June 1978 Stand-by arrangement (SBA) between the Portuguese authorities and the IMF as being the first such intervention (Nunes, 2010, Lopes, 1982 and 1996, Pinto, 1983, Schmitt, 1981, or Mateus, 2013). However, our research has unearthed facts that challenge such interpretation. The reasons are many. First, Portugal started using IMF resources since July 1975 and following policies to control the external deficit that were concordant with IMF principles and techniques since December of the same year. Second, Portugal signed an SBA in April 1977, one year before the 1978 one. And third, Portugal did not comply with the performance criteria of the 1978 SBA, which supposedly defined the first “intervention” and, consequently, did not receive any financial assistance from the IMF for its duration: June 1978 to May 1979. Zorrinho (2018) is a recent exception to the common interpretation, suggesting that, rather than a one-year intervention in 1978-1979 and a three-year one in 1983-1985, relations between Portugal and the IMF in order to restore external balance during the period 1975-1985 corresponded to a sort of decade-long IMF intervention, involving three SBAs and various other utilisations of IMF resources on the part of Portugal. We do agree with Zorrinho (2018) that the chronology of the first intervention should be enlarged but not with his proposed chronology, as we believe that the use of IMF resources was interrupted between 1978 and 1983 and that the third SBA signed with the IMF in October 1983 should be viewed in a different framework.
- The Politicisation gap in socio-ecological transitions: lessons from PortugalPublication . Mourato, João; Bussler, AlexandraThe multiple challenges of the Anthropocene set a new context for transformative social innovation towards a form of living and working based on the principles of sustainability. Community-based initiatives (CBIs), the most visible representatives of the latter, have started to appear worldwide and are increasingly perceived as a crucial actor in the socio-ecological transition towards sustainability. CBIs are receiving a growing attention from transdisciplinary academia. Yet, there remains a research blind spot on the transformative social innovation dynamics in Portugal. This paper addresses this gap by inquiring into Portugal’s CBI dynamics, appearance, buildup, reach and future transitional pathways. Having traversed a rapid and significant growth over the last decade, CBIs, their practices and discourses are still marginalised in Portugal’s public arenas. Therefore, this paper argues, Portuguese CBIs remain an untapped resource for socio-ecological transitions and institutional innovation in Portugal. We scrutinize why the latter falter to engage head-on with the public and political spheres and identify key contextual changes and premises that determine CBIs social innovation potential in Portugal: a) CBIs need to engage the existent institutional landscape and become politicized change actors in order to sit at key decisionmaking processes, and b) CBIs’ full potential is unlikely to bloom without favourable institutional frameworks and policy environments. This paper applies a value-based lens onto social transformation frameworks and engages in a wider theoretical debate on the role of niche actors, thereby adding to the existing literature on socio-ecological transitions. Based on an actor-, politics- and governance-centered approach, we ultimately inquire into Portugal’s CBI’s agency and how it can bring about wider structural change in a socio-ecological transitions.
- Portugal’s wine globalization waves, 1750-2015Publication . Lains, PedroFrom 1750 to 2015 we may detect three waves of globalization of wines produced in Portugal, namely, port wine exports for the British market in the 18th century, common wines exports to France in the second half of the 19th century, and finally the growth of exports to European markets from the last decade of the 20th century up to the present times. This chapter explores the fundamentals of such waves looking at trends in output, productivity, domestic and foreign consumption, commercial agreements and economic policies. The first two waves came to halt as conditions in the foreign markets changed, because they did not have a solid domestic base of production and commercialization. The chapter argues that the third wave is of a different kind as it developed from a more solid domestic base of the wine sector that had developed for decades based on domestic consumption. Thus we may conclude that wine globalization is also about changing domestic economic conditions. The process was however long and painful, as the sector had a very irregular performance throughout the 20th century which is however related to the overall backwardness of the Portuguese economy in the European context.
- Reconstruction of Regional and National Population using Intermittent Census - Type Data: The case of Portugal 1527-1864Publication . Reis, Jaime; Palma, Nuno; Zhang, M.Modern tests of the Mathusian model and its variations have relied almost exclusively on the Wrigley-Schofield demographic data for England, the only available source of annual national data on population stocks for a premodern economy. In this paper, we provide evidence for another such economy, early modern and nineteenth century Portugal. For this, we use a new sample of parish-level annual statistics up to the first modern census of 1864. All six major regions of the country are considered. We combine this information with intermittent census-type data on population stocks to arrive at annual regional and national population stock estimates for this period. Hence we offer a new methodological contribution for the construction of population stocks over the very long run. This methodology can be used in situations in which there is limited availability of local annual gross flows but some intermittent information about stocks is obtainable.
- Priming meritocracy increases implict prejudicePublication . Costa-Lopes, Rui; Vala, Jorge; Wigboldus, DaniëlMeritocracy is a prevalent norm characterizing most modern societies according to which social status and rewards should depend on individual effort and hard work. Despite its ubiquity, the effects of meritocracy have never been analyzed outside the field of explicit attitudes. Thus, expanding on the small body of studies that focus on the positive factors that promote the emergence of socially negative responses, we investigated the effect of priming meritocracy on the expression of implicit racial prejudice. Results from two experimental studies consistently showed that priming meritocracy results in higher levels of implicit prejudice (Studies 1 and 2) and elicits both inter- (Study 1) and intra-individual (Study 2) variations of the levels of prejudice.
- Election news in six European countries: what is covered and how? – Study for research projectPublication . Salgado, Susana; Balabanic, Ivan; Garcia-Luengo, Óscar; Mustapic, Marko; Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos; Stępińska, Agnieszka; Suiter, JaneThis research project analyses the coverage of national elections that happened around the same time (between September 2015 and February 2016), in six European countries (Greece, Portugal, Poland, Croatia, Spain, and Ireland) where different issues were at stake. Questions, such as the following, guide the overall analysis: Which issues are most covered by the news media and how? In what ways is news election coverage similar and different in these countries? Are there distinctive patterns of election news coverage in these countries?
- Risco e medicina oncológica na primeira metade do séc XX: o caso PortuguêsPublication . Moreira, Ricardo Oliveira Santos GomesPretendemos neste artigo dar conta de como da institucionalização da oncologia em Portugal emergiu uma configuração moderna da relação entre medicina e risco, apoiada no uso de informação estatística e no valor científico do caso clínico individual e da objectividade. Desde finais do século XIX o cancro foi considerado uma enfermidade passível de cura, desde que precocemente diagnosticada. O aparecimento das novas tecnologias médicas da radioterapia e dos raios X transformou não só os métodos de diagnóstico mas também a acção terapêutica, permitindo novas formas de percepção do corpo e uma nova compreensão do risco oncológico. O arquivo hospitalar criado por Francisco Gentil em 1915 terá sido um dos mais eloquentes testemunhos de uma primeira tentativa de lidar com o cancro e o risco oncológico a uma escala nacional, com as suas colecções de patologia e os registos clínicos individuais. A partir de uma análise socio-histórica dos vestígios que nos chegam hoje deste repositório médico, sustentamos que no desenvolvimento do Estado sanitário moderno e da acção da medicina oncológica se desenharam alguns dos elementos mais marcantes da institucionalização da medicina moderna, assente numa acção simultaneamente individualizada, massificada e objectiva, sobre o corpo individual e colectivo. As novas técnicas de diagnóstico e terapia, apoiadas na imagem radiográfica do corpo ou nas inovações radioterapêuticas, permitiram o desenvolvimento de projectos hospitalares modernos cujo objectivo era simultaneamente implementar formas de diagnóstico e terapia eficazes e combater pela investigação e pela acção social o avanço do cancro nas populações. A partir do estudo do surgimento dos estudos do cancro em Portugal, este artigo visa reflectir sobre a emergência de uma forma moderna da relação entre corpo, risco e patologia, num contexto histórico marcado pelo surgimento da medicina de base laboratorial e tecnológica.
- Corporatism and the difusion of "organic representation" in european dictatorshipsPublication . Pinto, António CostaThe paper examines the role of corporatism as a set of authoritarian institutions that spread across inter-war Europe and which was an agent for the institutional consolidation of fascistera dictatorships. Institutionalized, in many cases in the wake of polarized democratizations, inter-war dictatorships tended to choose corporatism both as a process for the repression and co-optation of the labour movement, interest groups and of elites through ‘organic’ legislatures. Powerful processes of institutional transfers were a hallmark of inter-war dictatorships and we argue corporatism was at the forefront of this process of cross-national diffusion of authoritarian institutions.