ISA - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
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Founded in 1910, the School of Agriculture (ISA) is one of the most prestigious schools for education and research in the areas of Agricultural Engineering, Forestry, Animal Science, Food and Environment, Landscape Architecture and Biology.
Located in the heart of Lisbon, ISA Campus is a real Living Lab, with 100 hectares of natural, agricultural and forest landscapes, held excellent research facilities and high-tech equipment.
Supported by near 200 highly qualified teaching and researchers, ISA hosts 4 Research and Development Units (R&D) and is organized in 2 Departments, ensuring high education and research.
ISA ambition is to contribute to the National and European policies and create economic and social values in Innovation Agendas such as Sustainable Agricultural, Food Safety, Circular Economy, Forests and Biodiversity, Climate Change and New Urban Landscapes.
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- 16th century images of Japanese garden art: analysis of the jesuit's texts published in PortugalPublication . Carvalho, Guida Maria Gomes; Castel-Branco, Cristina; Pinto, Ana FernandesThe dissertation theme focus on how the Portuguese Jesuit manuscripts describe Japanese gardens for the first time in Europe. This research belongs to a larger project led by Cristina Castel-Branco since 2012 and applied to cities and landscapes that have been described during the 16th century by the Portuguese Jesuits. The first Missionary group arrived in Japan in 1549 led by Saint Francis Xavier (1506-1552). During their stay (1549-1643), they wrote numerous letters to the remaining members of the Company of Jesus and a few books reporting the progression of the Japanese Mission. In these documents they described the country they saw and gave their opinion on the local daily practices. The data obtained for the research project was supplied by paragraphs of texts containing information on Japanese garden, cities and landscapes, found within these texts, which are the most relevant 16th century documents published in Portugal on the subject. The findings of the present work confirms that the Jesuits writings contain significant information on Japanese garden art and make it possible the comparison between the images found and the images of the 16th century Japanese garden produced in Japan. Garden art and theory was analysed to provide a background of how the gardens observed by the Jesuits were and had evolved trough time. The selected passages describe the gardens of the powerful personalities and institutions of the time. Some of these places have survived until the present day, and were visited for the sake of this project. They suggest that the defined programs that label the Japanese gardens of the sixteen century nowadays were more vast and flexible than what is generally acknowledge and may be a contribution for Japanese Garden Art
- 3D printed gluten-free cereal snack with incorporation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and/or Chlorella vulgarisPublication . Letras, P.; Oliveira, S.; Varela, J.; Nunes, M.C.; Raymundo, Anabela3D food printing is a recent technology promising to break cultural barriers by introducing new food sources such as microalgae, through innovative food shapes and textures, in a resource-scarce world whose sustainability is at stake because of the current intensive production of meat and agriculture products. The present work intends to create an innovative gluten-free cereal snack nutritionally improved by the incorporation of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis (“Spirulina”) biomass using 3D printing technology. Doughs without (control) or with microalgal biomass with different incorporation percentages (from 5 to 30 %) were tested and those showing the most adequate rheology (low viscoelastic moduli and apparent viscosity) and texture (low firmness, adhesiveness and high cohesiveness) properties for a correct printing process were selected and baked (control and 5 % microalgae incorporation). Nutritional characterization of the control and 5 % snacks was performed, in terms of total protein and lipid contents, ash, humidity, water activity, energy, and carbohydrates, as well as total phenolics, pigments and antioxidant activity. Physical traits of snacks, including their colour and size, were also analysed. Control snacks presented a lighter and yellow colour compared to snacks containing Chlorella and Spirulina, which had higher green chromaticity (Control: a* - 0.953, b* 21.3; Chlorella 5 %: a* - 2.20, b* 11.8; Spirulina 5 %: a* -1.05, b* 3.55). Nutritional characterization revealed that snacks containing Chlorella and Spirulina had both higher protein and essential minerals content. Overall, 5 % Spirulina snacks presented the best nutritional and sensory performance, with higher antioxidant activity, mineral and protein contents. These Spirulina-snacks deserved a positive sensory appreciation from consumers
- 45S rDNA external transcribed spacer organization reveals new phylogenetic relationships in Avena genusPublication . Rodrigues, Joana; Viegas, Wanda; Silva, ManuelaThe genus Avena comprises four distinct genomes organized in diploid (AA or CC), tetraploid (AABB or AACC) and hexaploid species (AACCDD), constituting an interesting model for phylogenetic analysis. The aim of this work was to characterize 45S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) variability in distinct species representative of Avena genome diversity±A. strigosa (AA), A. ventricosa (CvCv), A. eriantha (CpCp), A. barbata (AABB), A. murphyi (AACC), A. sativa (AACCDD) and A. sterilis (AACCDD) through the assessment of the 5' external transcribed spacer (5'-ETS), a promising IGS region for phylogenetic studies poorly studied in Avena genus. In this work, IGS length polymorphisms were detected mainly due to distinct 5'-ETS sequence types resulting from major differences in the number and organization of repeated motifs. Although species with A genome revealed a 5'-ETS organization (A-organization) similar to the one previously described in A. sativa, a distinct organization was unraveled in C genome diploid species (C-organization). Interestingly, such new organization presents a higher similarity with other Poaceae species than A-genome sequences, supporting the hypothesis of C-genome being the ancestral Avena genome. Additionally, polyploid species with both genomes mainly retain the A-genome 5'-ETS organization, confirming the preferential elimination of C-genome sequences in Avena polyploid species. Moreover, 5'-ETS sequences phylogenetic analysis consistently clustered the species studied according to ploidy and genomic constitution supporting the use of ribosomal genes to highlight Avena species evolutive pathways.
- À procura dos sinais contemporâneos na paisagem rural. Projectos de turismo em espaço rural alentejanoPublication . Barata, Maria Leonor Moura de Oliveira Themudo; Nunes, João FerreiraThis dissertation proposes to contextualize some thoughts about recent motives that push people into rural landscape and into finding new ways to intervene in the countryside and how this movement is quite clear in what Alentejo region concerns. Here we try to show an ensemble of events and dynamics, that made society more aware of certain aspects of landscape and development, but also how those aspects help to develop land management politics and tools. Coming out from this awareness emerge new rural development paradigms that help to establish the new bases for rural landscape evolution. Most of the reflections here presented gain a special meaning when associated with a practical perspective, achieved by the evaluation of intervention projects connected with one of the most prominent economic activity nowadays, the tourism. Considering this context three projects were taken in account: Peral Manor Touristic Project, Valadas Manor Touristic Project and Milreu Manor Touristic Project. They try to materialize some of the contemporary imprints in rural landscapes, satisfying the main policies and development guide-lines for Alentejo region, for tourism and also for preservation and valorization goals concerning ecological and cultural values.
- AbetosPublication . Franco, João do Amaral
- Ability of Cistus L. shrubs to promote soil rehabilitation in extensive oak woodlands of Mediterranean areasPublication . Simões, Maria Paula; Madeira, ManuelTo assess the ecological function of Cistus salviifolius (CS) and C. ladanifer (CL) shrubs in evergreen oak woodlands, a study was conducted over a 4-year period in southern Portugal. Annual potential return of bio-elements to the soil through litterfall and throughfall, and necromass on soil surface under shrub canopies were assessed along with the dynamics of leaf litter decomposition. Soil bulk density and soil-water retention at different soil matric potential were measured at 0–5 and 5–10 cm depth, and soil chemical properties were determined at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depth beneath canopies and at barren spaces. Litterfall was higher for CL (4.4–4.6 Mg DM ha−1 year−1) than for CS (3.3–3.8 Mg DM ha−1 year−1). Annual amount of N returned to the soil through litterfall of CS (22.9 kg N ha−1 year−1) was higher than by that of CL (17.2 kg N ha−1 year−1), whereas the return of P in CL (4.1 kg P ha−1 year−1) was higher than in CS (2.1 kg P ha−1 year−1). Leaf decomposition was faster for CS (k= −0.87) than for CL (k=−0.44). N release was also faster for CS than for CL, while that of P was much faster for CL than for CS. Throughfall proportions were 61% of bulk rainfall for CS and 79% for CL. Annual return of Cl−, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by throughfall was more pronounced for CL than for CS. Shrubs improved soil quality, especially in the 0–5 cm top soil layer, by enhancement of organic matter and nutrient content beneath shrub canopies. Therefore, shrubs may promote the invasion of more demanding species, since local areas of high fertility are likely to be favoured sites for vegetation regeneration
- Abordagem a uma estratégia de gestão do uso da água na indústria cervejeira. O caso de estudo da Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas, S.A.Publication . Tavares, José Augusto de Pinho; Duarte, Elizabeth Fernandes de AlmeidaThis study was designed to identify opportunities for improvement in water use and to develop a proposal for a management strategy that allows identifying solutions for more efficient use of water in the brewing industry. The methodology is structured in four phases of implementation, taking into account two levels of analysis, from the macro-scale (the Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas, S.A.) as "the study universe", to the detail of the component or sector of the production process (system or subsystem). The methodology is primarily based on understanding the processes involved in water consumption in the plant and on the analysis of consumption profiles of the major consumers identified and their interactions. Through calculations of volume’s balance over the processes and systems, can be established these profiles, useful in detecting opportunities for improvement. The calculation of a set of performance indicators allows the “benchmarking” of best practices in this activity and the measurement of the effectiveness of actions implemented in the study universe. The management strategy presented is focused on the current state of the study universe and is divided into three time levels of implementation: short, medium and long term.---------------------------------------- O presente trabalho teve como objectivo a identificação de oportunidades de melhoria ao nível do uso da água e a elaboração de uma proposta de estratégia de gestão que permita apontar soluções para um uso mais eficiente da água na indústria cervejeira. A metodologia encontra-se estruturada em quatro fases de actuação, tendo em conta dois níveis de análise, partindo da macro-escala (a Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas) como “o universo de estudo” até ao pormenor do componente ou sector do processo produtivo (sistema ou subsistema). A metodologia adoptada assenta em primeiro lugar na compreensão dos processos envolvidos no consumo de água na unidade fabril, a análise dos perfis de consumo dos principais consumidores identificados e as suas interacções. Através de cálculos de balanço de volume ao longo dos processos e sistemas é possível estabelecer estes perfis, úteis na detecção de oportunidades de melhoria. O cálculo de um conjunto de indicadores de desempenho permite o “benchmarking” das melhores práticas nesta actividade e a medição da eficácia de acções implementadas no universo de estudo. A estratégia de gestão apresentada está focada na situação actual do universo de estudo e está dividida em três planos temporais de implementação: curto, médio e longo prazo.
- Uma abordagem integrada na avaliação da qualidade de solos agrícolas em parcelas regadas. Caso de estudo aproveitamento hidroagrícola Brinches-Enxoé, EFMAPublication . Palma, Patrícia; Martins, Inês; Catarino, Adriana; Mourinha, Clarisse; Alvarenga, Paula; Dores, José; Patanita, Manuel; Tomaz, Alexandra
- Abordagens para a caracterização da atividade microbiana em solos sujeitos a diferentes práticas culturais no empreendimento hidroagrícola Brinches EnxoéPublication . Nhime, Eustáquius Fernando Miguel; Mota, Mariana Gomes; Alvarenga, PaulaNesta tese é apresentada a potencial influência de determinadas práticas culturais sobre um dos indicadores de qualidade do solo, a atividade microbiana, em diferentes parcelas com diferentes práticas culturais. A atividade microbiana em solos agrícolas é crucial, devido ao papel fundamental dos microrganismos como agentes da mineralização de todos os materiais orgânicos que entram no solo e, portanto, na reciclagem dos principais nutrientes para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. A diversidade e atividade microbiológicas em terras aráveis serve como indicador de qualidade do solo, pois influenciam não apenas a fertilidade e estrutura dos solos agrícolas, mas também as funções dos ecossistemas. Este estudo caracterizou a atividade microbiana de bactérias e fungos, em quatro parcelas agrícolas localizadas no empreendimento hidroagrícola Brinches-Enxoé (Alqueva, Baixo Alentejo), através do plaqueamento, amplificação com primers específicos e a atividade enzimática da desidrogenase. Foram analisados solos de quatro parcelas: uma parcela de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), habitualmente submetida a práticas de baixa aplicação de pesticidas e fertilização mineral, mobilização do solo e rotação de cultural, sendo as outras três parcelas ocupadas por vinhas (Vitis vinifera), de três produtores diferentes, sujeitas a uma aplicação diferenciada de pesticidas, adubação e aplicação de corretivos orgânicos. Os solos analisados caracterizam-se por serem pouco alcalinos, com baixa salinidade, e teores de matéria orgânica que variam entre muito baixos a médios, um indicador da sua baixa fertilidade, apesar terem altos teores de P2O5 e K2O extraíveis. O nosso estudo revelou que as diferentes práticas culturais modificaram significativamente a atividade microbiológica nos solos das parcelas estudadas, tendo a atividade microbiana, em parte, aumentado no solo sob reduzida aplicação de produtos fitofarmacêuticos, rotação de cultura e aplicação de corretivos orgânicos, relativamente ao solo sob elevada aplicação de pesticidas e sem aplicação de corretivos orgânicos
- Absorção de água pelas folhas de sobreiro (Quercus suber L.)Publication . Abreu, Vasco de Albuquerque Mota Mendes de; Vale, Raquel LoboA absorção de água pelas folhas (Foliar Water Uptake, FWU) é um fenómeno que ocorre em diferentes espécies de plantas de diversos ecossistemas e pode ser um complemento à água absorvida pelas raízes, com a capacidade de melhorar o estado hídrico das plantas. Quanto aos ecossistemas Mediterrânicos, pouco se sabe sobre a FWU. No entanto, com o aumento da aridez previsto em consequência das alterações climáticas, a FWU poderá assumir uma importância cada vez maior no funcionamento e resiliência destes ecossistemas e, em particular dos montados, onde se tem vindo a observar um aumento da mortalidade e perda de vitalidade do sobreiro (Quercus suber). Além disso, a FWU será especialmente relevante em eventos de pequena precipitação, formação de orvalho e nevoeiro. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se avaliar a ocorrência da FWU em sobreiro, qual a sua contribuição para o estado hídrico das árvores e se será maior em locais mais secos. Para tal, estabeleceu-se um ensaio em condições controladas com plantas de sobreiro de duas proveniências (Companhia das Lezírias e Vila Viçosa), as quais foram submetidas a diferentes disponibilidades hídricas: bem regadas (W), seca (D, regadas a cada duas semana) e pulverizadas (S, rega do D + pulverizadas 3 x semana). Mediu-se periodicamente o potencial hídrico de madrugada e ao meio-dia e determinou-se a FWU. O crescimento e a mortalidade foram avaliados no final do ensaio. A FWU ocorreu em 76% das folhas amostradas (n=450), que conduziram à entrada de água de 0,66 ± 0,02 mg cm-2 de folha (média ± erro padrão), com o consequente ganho de 5,4 ± 0,2% do teor relativo em água e uma melhoria do estado hídrico de 0,44 ± 0,02 MPa. Não foram observadas diferenças entre proveniências na FWU. A pulverização teve um efeito benéfico nas plantas, atrasando a progressão do stresse hídrico, que se refletiu em maior sobrevivência.