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- Análise dos resultados da implantação do programa nacional de banda larga no Brasil à luz da teoria da administração políticaPublication . Fonseca, Manoel Justiniano Melo da; Ribeiro, Elizabeth Matos; Silva, Joaquim RamosO presente trabalho objetiva analisar os resultados da implantação do Programa Nacional de Banda Larga (PNBL) à luz da teoria da administração política, tendo por pressuposto a importância da banda larga como estratégia para se alcançar o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Para atingir a este objetivo, percorre-se o seguinte caminho: em primeiro lugar, reporta-se ao que vem a ser administração política e como a análise do PNBL se enquadra neste campo de conhecimento com a explicitação de sua importância para o desenvolvimento; em seguida, apresenta-se o PNBL e realiza-se uma avaliação crítica da sua implantação; posteriormente, passa-se para a análise dos resultados alcançados, através de alguns indicadores, como por exemplo, o número de acessos de banda larga fixa e móvel, número de municípios e de domicílios atendidos; por fim, conclui-se com os principais argumentos desenvolvidos.
- Approach to the economic adjustments of fiscal policy measuresPublication . Santos, SusanaThrough the use of numerical and algebraic matrix representations, the economic adjustments of changes in the monetary flows registered in the national accounts as transactions are measured and modelled, benefiting from the underlying network of linkages. Factors of production, industries, products, and institutions are worked together and the generation, distribution, redistribution, use, and accumulation of income, are all identified in detail. In conjunction with the above-mentioned representations, these features enable the capture of the multiplier effects of changes in the monetary flows involved. These effects expand in different ways throughout the underlying general equilibrium economic system. The result can be interpreted as the economic adjustment to these changes, as reflected at the level of the macroeconomic aggregates. A SAM (Social Accounting Matrix)-based approach is proposed in this study which is applied to Portugal in 2017 – in the form of an experimented to study the economic adjustments of changes associated to fiscal policy. This experiment is carried out for the real estate activities that generated 12% of the domestic income and paid 33% of the taxes on production.
- As crises cambiais do escudo entre 1992 e 1995Publication . Abreu, Margarida
- Assessing Economic Complexity in some OECD countries with Input-Output Based MeasuresPublication . Lopes, João Carlos; Dias, João; Amaral, João Ferreira doEconomic complexity can be defined as the level of interdependence between the component parts of an economy. In input-output systems intersectoral connectedness is a crucial feature of analysis, and there are many different methods of measuring it. Most of the measures, however, have important drawbacks to be used as a good indicator of economic complexity, because they were not explicitly made with this purpose in mind. In this paper, we present, discuss and compare empirically different indexes of economic complexity as sectoral connectedness, using the inter-industry tables of several OECD countries.
- O caso Portugal Telecom no contexto das relações entre o Brasil e Portugal : a perspectiva da sua internacionalizaçãoPublication . Fonseca, Manoel Justiniano Melo da; Silva, Joaquim RamosO processo de internacionalização da Portugal Telecom (PT) foi apresentado como uma componente fundamental da estratégia da companhia em 1997, a fim de alcançar o crescimento e enfrentar os desafios de uma nova era em que o setor das telecomunicações evolui com extrema rapidez e é objeto de mudanças profundas. Esta estratégia vai ao encontro dos acordos de cooperação estabelecidos com parceiros estratégicos, haja vista a aquisição de 1% do capital social da Telefônica e participação no sistema Telebrás e torna-se realidade em 1998 com os investimentos no mercado brasileiro de telecomunicações, com a aquisição de participações importantes na Telesp Celular, Telesp Fixa e CRT – Companhia Riograndense de Telecomunicações, que apresentavam condições muito favoráveis de crescimento. Com estas aquisições, a Portugal Telecom implementou a sua estratégia para a entrada em novos mercados com forte potencial de crescimento nos países onde dispunha de vantagens fundamentais, decorrentes de seus laços lingüísticos e culturais, e evidentemente, do conhecimento dos negócios. Estes fatores foram determinantes no processo de internacionalização da PT.
- Coaching a regular economics research seminar at a Lisbon University in 2010-2011: a groupanalytic approachPublication . Pontes, José PedroThis paper describes the implementation of a new protocol for the regular economics seminar run by the Economics Department of ISEG and the research center UECE during academic year 2010-2011. The main innovative features of this protocol were: the introduction of a discussant that explains the paper using a clear, non-technical language, thus giving “holding” to the audience; the requirement that the speaker should be “silent” during the discussion stage, in order to “frustrate” the audience and encourage them to reinterpret the paper presented in a personal way, thus giving “exchange” to the presenter. The new protocol was successful in ensuring a satisficing participation level and had a remarkable effect upon change in learning understandings in the School, namely through the engagement of important professors of ISEG as discussants during the sessions. The main shortcoming was the strength of resistances to change within the seminar team, in particular in what concerns the requirement that the presenter should be “outside” the group during the discussion stage.
- Comment on the paper "Economic orthodoxy versus social development? the dilemmas facing Brazil's Labor Government" by E. Amman and W. BaerPublication . Silva, Joaquim RamosThe paper is well documented and has quite relevant and updated information on key social and economic indicators over the period under analysis. Moreover, it openly brings up the major economic dilemmas of similar labor political experiences (like that “opposing” growth a nd redistribution), and to some extent, also of many developing countries that have tried to upgrade their economic and social status, as shown in the literature references. Based on their deep knowledge of the Brazilian economy, particularly at its present stage, the authors provide a subtle analysis of this issue and related topics.
- Complexity as Interrelatedness: an Input-Output ApproachPublication . Amaral, João Ferreira do; Dias, João; Lopes, João CarlosIn this paper we make a first attempt to link two subjects with a potentially useful, but as yet not conveniently explored, connection: the study of complexity and the (Leontief) input-output analysis. In this context, we consider economic complexity as interrelatedness between the different parts or sectors of an economy, as represented by an input-output system and one interesting question emerges, namely: should we expect to find a natural move to higher complexity as the economy grows and develops? And a related one: is a larger economy necessarily more complex than a smaller one? In a first attempt to answer these questions we propose a new measure of complexity as interrelatedness that combines a network effect and a dependency effect. In the empirical part of the paper we apply this measure of complexity to the inter-industry tables of several OECD countries, and discuss some interesting findings.
- O conceito económico de bem públicoPublication . Pereira, Paulo TrigoA teoria micro-económica dos bens públicos, das externalidades, dos recursos comuns, dos bens de clube (ou mistos) e dos bens privados dá um contributo considerável para a compreensão do que se entende por “bem comum”. Uma sociedade que seja incapaz de fornecer bens públicos que os seus cidadãos valorizam, corrigir os efeitos nefastos ou positivos de externalidades, tratar dos seus recursos comuns de forma sustentável, não está a promover o bem comum. Do mesmo modo uma democracia (a nível central ou local) que toma decisões erradas sobre bens mistos, ou um mercado, em que certos agentes abusam de uma posição dominante para praticarem preços monopolistas, não estão a contribuir para o “bem estar social”. A promoção do bem comum faz-se (ou não) através da capacidade das sociedades democráticas terem mecanismos institucionais adequados para decidir, através de processos de deliberação e eventual votação, acerca de uma adequada afectação de recursos que assegure a produção e fornecimento de bens públicos e mistos, e a correcção de efeitos negativos ou positivos associados a externalidades. Também é essencial a existência de mercados relativamente competitivos e, na sua impossibilidade, regulação de mercados monopolistas ou oligopolistas a favor do interesse geral, que é entendido como o interesse dos cidadãos actuais e das gerações vindouras.
- Construction and use of Social Accounting MatricesPublication . Santos, SusanaIn adherence to the central framework of the current version (2008) of the System of National Accounts (SNA), our construction will be based on an illustration for Portugal of a complete sequence of national accounts in its various forms - published in: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/114636/; also available, with an excel file, in: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/25561. By adopting a top-down method, that is to say, starting from an aggregate level and then showing the path to possible disaggregations and extensions, the matrix forms, or matrix representations, presented after the T-accounts/tables are organised into two parts: 1) supply and use tables and inputoutput matrices; 2) accounting matrices. Emphasis will be placed on “accounting matrices”, in which the two kinds of information recorded by the national accounts – flows and stocks – will have specific treatments. Among flows, transactions, to which special attention is usually paid, will initially be worked on separately, and then together with other flows and stocks, albeit in a different way. Thus, our construction will start at the level of transactions, i.e., at the level of the current accounts and a particular part of the accumulation national accounts – capital and financial. This part will not consider the consumption of fixed capital and will be worked on in gross terms. The other part of our construction will be at the level of other flows and stocks, as well as certain transactions. All the accumulation accounts – capital, financial, other changes in the volume of assets, and revaluation – and also the balance sheets will be represented. This part will consider the consumption of fixed capital and will be worked on in net terms. We will present a matrix representation that we will call “National Accounting Matrix (NAM)” – which SNA calls a “Social Accounting Matrix”, from another that we will call “Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)”, in a version conceived from the study of the works of R. Stone, G. Pyatt, and J. Round, among others. The two above-mentioned parts of our construction can be understood as being a basis for the study of income and wealth, respectively. The matrix form will also facilitate working with networks of linkages, namely, inter-institutional, and intra-institutional. Accordingly, guidelines will be provided to study in more depth, on the one hand, the generation, distribution, redistribution, and accumulation of income, and, on the other hand, the accumulation and distribution of wealth. The purposes of the studies will define the desired uses of constructed matrices. To this end, as defined by the SNA, possible disaggregations will be addressed within the scope of its central framework, leaving the extensions, associated with special purposes, to the satellite accounts.