FL - CLUL - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
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- 17th century holographs in a personal miscellany of D. Francisco Manuel de MeloPublication . Pereira, ElsaNot many documents qualify as material evidence of 17th century holographs in Portugal. However, personal miscellanies can provide valuable insight into textual composition and transmission in the literary scene of the time. One of the examples worth exploring is a miscellaneous volume of papers collected by D. Francisco Manuel de Melo (1608-1666), which includes several manuscripts either written by the owner himself or by the hand of fellow contemporary poets. These are clean copies with few or no layers of revision, but still relevant to a certain kind of genetic criticism without drafts (GRÉSILLON, 1993), focused on the interstices of scribal activity and distributed authorship in the early modern period. The article examines little-explored documentation from the national archive Torre do Tombo, thus broadening the scope of genetic studies into the realm of Portuguese baroque literature.
- Abbreviations and symbols in a large sample of medicinal package leaflets: automatic detection and comprehension assessmentPublication . Pires, Carla; Vigário, Marina; Martins, Fernando; Cavaco, AfonsoMedicines package leaflets (PL) need to be clear and comprehensible, according to legal recommendations. Abbreviations and symbols (A&S) are not recommended since their use may lead to misunderstandings and medication errors. Objectives: 1) identify, typify and quantify all A&S in a large sample of Portuguese PL, 2) detect discrepancies between these A&S and regulations, and 3) assess how educated individuals interpret A&S found in Portuguese PL. Methods: descriptive and exploratory study. Descriptive study - 531 PL were visually inspected in order to identify all A&S and a computer tool was programmed to count these A&S. All A&S were typified according to classificatory groups (e.g. abbreviations of diseases names) and evaluated according to the regulations. Exploratory study - the interpretation of 373 A&S by 26 undergraduates was assessed with a questionnaire. Results: 828 different A&S were identified (6407 occurrences). The average number of A&S per PL was 12.1 (SD=13.1). Thirteen classificatory groups were built. Non-compliant A&S were found. Only a very low percentage of responses was correct (9.9%). Conclusion: A&S were prevalent in PL, contrary to the international recommendations. A significant number of technical A&S was unfamiliar to a group of educated people. Automatic tools and procedures regarding these readability features should be developed in order to validate PL’s compliance with regulations.
- Acquisition des attaques branchantes par des enfants bilingues simultanés portugais-françaisPublication . Almeida, Letícia; Rose, Yvan; Freitas, Maria JoãoDans cet article, nous présentons les problématiques théoriques de l’étude du développement simultané de deux langues et abordons les questions empiriques et méthodologiques associées. Nous analysons des données de 10 enfants bilingues portugais-français, âgés entre 3 et 4 ans, en nous concentrant sur leurs productions d’attaques branchantes (ou complexes) présentes dans des mots élicités à l’aide d’un protocole prédéfini. Nous comparons ces données à celles d’enfants monolingues et bilingues disponibles dans la littérature, en faisant référence aux résultats obtenus à travers différentes méthodologies (corpus longitudinaux vs. transversaux ; données spontanées vs. induites). Nos résultats montrent que certains patrons sont communs à la plupart des bilingues évalués, notamment l’acquisition plus rapide des attaques branchantes en français par rapport au portugais. Nos résultats révèlent aussi de la variation entre apprenants, notamment à propos de l’influence du type de consonne liquide (rhotique ou latérale). Nous montrons que cette variation ne peut être expliquée par un profil de dominance linguistique différent parmi les enfants concernés. Nos données suggèrent également que la question des influences inter-linguistiques ne peut être approchée facilement à l’aide de corpus de données recueillies transversalement, parce que seul un suivi longitudinal du développement peut réellement permettre de rendre compte de telles influences.
- Across-the-Board Clitic Placement in Romance LanguagesPublication . Matos, GabrielaStudies on clitics emphasise that Across-the-Board (ATB) clitic placement is licensed only by proclitic pronouns and exhibits a different ehabiour across Romance in what concerns its availability as a regular syntactic construction. Current proposals treat these properties either as the result of the LCA and the special status of clitics as parasitics gaps identifiers in some languages (Kayne 1994), or as the consequence of the projection of a fnctional category above the coordinate structure, where the clitic may remain stranded (Rouveret 1992, Uriagereka 1995). Departing from these analyses, I will laim that ATB clitic placement is not restricted to proclisis and may arise whenever the clitic has scope over the arguments it is related with in each conjunct. I will also argue that the different behaviour of ATB clitic placement in Romance must be entirely imputed to the status of the clitics as autonoous vs. non-autonomous syntatic heads, as well as tothe strategies potentially availabe in each language for evidencing the coordinate stricutire as a unite the overt clitic has scope over.
- Adaptation in Pronoun Resolution: Evidence from Brazilian and European PortuguesePublication . Fernandes, Eunice; Luegi, Paula; Correa, Eudardo E.; de la Fuente, Israel; Hemforth, BarbaraPrevious research accounting for pronoun resolution as a problem of probabilistic inference has not explored the phenomenon of adaptation, whereby the processor constantly tracks and adapts, rationally, to changes in a statistical environment. We investigate whether Brazilian (BP) and European Portuguese (EP) speakers adapt to variations in the probability of occurrence of ambiguous overt and null pronouns, in two experiments assessing resolution towards subject and object referents. For each variety (BP, EP), participants were faced with either the same number of null and overt pronouns (equal distribution), or with an environment with fewer overt (than null) pronouns (unequal distribution). We find that the preference for interpreting overt pronouns as referring back to an object referent (objectbiased interpretation) is higher when there are fewer overt pronouns (i.e., in the unequal, relative to the equal distribution condition). This is especially the case for BP, a variety with higher prior frequency and smaller object-biased interpretation of overt pronouns, suggesting that participants adapted incrementally and integrated prior statistical knowledge with the knowledge obtained in the experiment. We hypothesize that comprehenders adapted rationally, with the goal of maintaining, across variations in pronoun probability, the likelihood of subject and object referents. Our findings unify insights from research in pronoun resolution and in adaptation, and add to previous studies in both topics: They provide evidence for the influence of pronoun probability in pronoun resolution, and for an adaptation process whereby the language processor not only tracks statistical information, but uses it to make interpretational inferences.
- Os adjetivos formados em –vel em Português: estrutura argumental, estrutura temática e aspeto da base verbalPublication . Valadas, Rita; Silvestre, João Paulo; Villalva, AlinaA formação de adjetivos em –vel tem sido analisada e descrita por diversos autores, em relação ao Português, a outras línguas românicas e também ao Inglês, sendo geralmente referida como um caso típico e muito produtivo de adjetivalização deverbal. São muitos os verbos que permitem a formação deste tipo de adjetivos, atestados em corpora e em dicionários, ou apenas aceites como palavras potenciais. A perspetiva de que são formados a partir de verbos transitivos, possuindo uma leitura passiva, tem vindo a ser complementada por descrições que mostram que derivam de diferentes tipos de verbos e que têm diferentes interpretações, apresentando restrições diversas sobre a forma derivante. Neste trabalho, começaremos por apresentar um conjunto de palavras lexicalizadas em que se pode pensar que o sufixo –vel ocorre, mas que não podem ter sido formadas em Português (dado que não há bases derivantes disponíveis), e um segundo conjunto de adjetivos em –vel que têm uma estrutura composicional no Português, embora estejam atestadas no Latim – são os casos que terão permitido a transição do processo de adjetivalização do Latim para o Português. Em seguida, apresentaremos uma tipologia de casos de adjetivalização em –vel baseada na observação das suas restrições de seleção e faremos uma referência a adjetivos denominais em –ável, resultantes de outro processo de formação de palavras. Na secção seguinte, faremos uma caracterização semântica dos adjetivos e concluiremos com uma nota sobre problemas remanescentes. A caracterização dos adjetivos derivados permitirá perceber que nem todos apresentam as mesmas características morfológicas nem, e sobretudo, o mesmo tipo semântico.
- Affective prosody in European Portuguese: Perceptual and acoustic characterization of one-word utterancesPublication . Filipe, Marisa G.; Branco, Paulo; Frota, Sónia; Castro, São Luís; Vicente, Selene G.A perceptual and acoustic characterization was provided on the expression of liking and disliking in the European Portuguese language. Thirty participants identified vocal patterns and judged the intensity of expressed affect in one-word items recorded by six untrained speakers. Listeners consistently associated vocal profiles with the two emotional patterns of liking and disliking. However, liking intonation was easier to recognize than disliking intonation. The feature most commonly associated with liking intonation was a wider and higher F0 pattern and a rising-falling contour. For disliking, the results revealed a flatter melodic pattern with a fall into the stressed syllable yielding a low plateau. In sum, both prosodic patterns showed different and consistent correlates.
- Age and input effects in the acquisition of mood in Heritage PortuguesePublication . Flores, Cristina; Santos, Ana Lúcia; Jesus, Alice; Marques, RuiThe present study analyses the effect of age and amount of input in the acquisition of European Portuguese as a heritage language. An elicited production task centred on mood choice in complement clauses was applied to a group of 50 bilingual children (6–16-year-olds), who are acquiring Portuguese as a minority language in a German dominant environment. The results show a significant effect of the age at testing and the amount of input in the acquisition of the subjunctive. In general, acquisition is delayed with respect to monolinguals, even though higher convergence with the monolingual grammar is observed after 12 years of age. Results also reveal that children with more exposure to the heritage language at home show faster acquisition than children from mixed households: the 8–9 year old age boundary seems relevant for those speakers with more exposure and the 12–13 year old age boundary for those with less exposure.
- All different but not all opposite: contributions to lexical relationships teaching in primary schoolPublication . Baptista, Adriana; Choupina, Celda; Costa, José António; Querido, Joana; Oliveira, InêsThe lexicon allows the expression of particular cosmovisions, which is why there are a wide range of lexical relationships, involving different linguistic particularities (Coseriu, 1991; Teixeira , 2005). We find, however, in teaching context, that these variations are often replaced by dichotomous and decontextualized proposals of lexical organization, presented, for instance, in textbooks and other supporting materials (Baptista et al., 2017). Thus, our paper is structured in two parts. First, we will try to account for the diversity of lexical relations (Choupina, Costa & Baptista, 2013), considering phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic-discursive, cognitive and historical criteria (Lehmann & Martin-Berthet, 2008). Secondly, we present an experimental study that aims at verifying if primary school pupils intuitively organize their mental lexicon in a dichotomous way. This study has as its starting point three illustrated stories with words that may establish relations of opposition among themselves. This study was carried out in four second grade Portuguese classes, when formal teaching of lexical relationships begins. Although this content approach starts with antonyms and synonyms (according to Portuguese primary school curriculum), we can see that the students presented different responses, possibly reflecting a cognitive organization of the mental lexicon that escapes the dichotomy of certain oppositions taught in a decontextualized way. We find lexical items grouped according to the same morphological basis, the same seme, the same class of words or specific experiential criteria. We then believe that, if children intuitive knowledge on words is not confined to oppositional structures and rigid perspectives, it is important to promote lexical relationships heterogeneity awareness through contextualized and scientifically sustained didactic paths, considering lexicon uses as a full exercise of pro-active citizenship.
- A alomorfia dos pronomes de objeto em caboverdianoPublication . Salanova, Andrés Pablo; Pratas, FernandaIn Capeverdean, object pronominals can be phonological enclitics or free-standing forms, either in accusative or dative contexts. Crucially, pronominal enclitic forms are ruled out on verbs carrying the past suffix -ba. This fact has been analysed (Baptista, 2002) as being related to the banning of clitic clusters. In this view, the affix -ba is considered a clitic, barring other enclitics. A problem of this view is that -ba has to be stipulated to be a clitic, where there is no evidence for this. In this paper, we propose a phonological solution to these Capeverdean facts, based on the following two elements, independently justified: (i) a simple stress rule for the language; (ii) a filter against shifting the stress out of the verb stem. If our phonologically based proposal is correct, it gives support to the distributed morphology framework (Halle e Marantz, 1993): morphemes are bundles of abstract (syntactic-semantic) features that are provided with phonological features at Vocabulary Insertion (VI), which is conditioned by phonological rules and constraints.