FM-IMPSP-Capítulos de Livros
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- Impact of excess body weight on skin hydration and biomechanicsPublication . Tavares, Liliana; Palma, Lídia; Santos, Osvaldo; Roberto, Maria Angélica; Bujan, Maria Julia; Rodrigues, Luís MonteiroThe WHO regards obesity as an epidemic, affecting more than one third of adults in the United States. Obesity is a key factor for several comorbidities, and naturally, the skin is a major organ involved. This study aims to add knowledge to the characterization of skin functional changes related with excessive body weight. A sample of 30 healthy female volunteers, 29–46 (36 ± 4) years old, was selected and divided into three groups dependent on their respective body mass index (BMI) – Group I with BMI between 19.9 and 24.9 kg/m2, Group II with BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2, and Group III with BMI between 30 and 39.9 kg/m2. Skin physiology was assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal hydration (barrier function), and biomechanical descriptors (“envelope” function). Results have shown that excessive body weight compromises both the barrier function and the biomechanical behavior, but the magnitude depends on the severity of obesity and the anatomical area considered. Nevertheless, further studies are still needed to better understand this pathophysiology’s impact on human skin.
- Assessing student perceptions and comprehension of climate change in portuguese higher education institutionsPublication . Santos, P. T.; Bacelar-Nicolau, P.; Pardal, M. A.; Bacelar-Nicolau, L.; Azeiteiro, U. M.The higher education system has a critical role to play in educating environmentally aware and participant citizens about global climate change. Yet, few studies have focused on higher education students’ knowledge and attitudes about this issue. This study aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of views and attitudes about climate change issues, across the postgraduate student population in three universities—the on Campus University of Porto and University of Coimbra, and the distance learning Universidade Aberta, Portugal. We surveyed university students and graduates from three master programs in environmental sciences targeting their knowledge, attitudes and behaviour on climate change issues, and their views of the role that their master degree had on it. A majority of the respondents believed that climate change is factual, and is largely human-induced; and a majority expressed concerns about climate change. Still, the surveyed students hold some misconceptions about basic causes and consequences of climate change. Further research is necessary to comprehend the university postgraduate students’ population, so that curricula programs can be adapted to grant consensus on scientific knowledge about climate change, and an active engagement of the graduate citizens, as part of the solution for climate change problems.
- Investigação em saúde pública : precisa-se!Publication . Pereira Miguel, José
- Physical inactivity : preventable risk factor of cardiovascular diseasePublication . Rocha, EvangelistaA sedentary behavior is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Regular physical activity (PA) and aerobic exercise training are related to a reduced risk of fatal and non fatal cardiovascular events in healthy individuals, in high risk individuals (subjects with hypertension, glucose intolerance/diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight/obesity), and cardiac patients. It is a very important non-pharmacological tool for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention [1]. Moreover, there is substantial evidence that physical inactivity is a major contributor to death and disability from CVDs and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide, identified by the United Nations as threats to global health (diabetes, breast and colon cancer). This modifiable lifestyle has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, causing an estimated 3.2 million deaths globally, and the main cause for approximately 30 % of ischemic heart disease burden [2].
- A investigação em saúde e o Ministério da SaúdePublication . Oliveira, Isabel Carvalho; Calheiros, José Manuel; Miguel, José PereiraCelebrar 40 anos de Abril na Saúde representa o privilégio de tornar evidente uma relação entre os direitos dos cidadãos e a criação de condições que permitam defender e promover a saúde. Em poucas áreas esta relação foi tão comprovadamente estreita, em período de quatro décadas, ao ponto de quase se poderem medir as relações de causa a efeito. Este livro pretende acompanhar o percurso dos últimos 40 anos em áreas chave da saúde, escolhidas pelos coordenadores, que convidaram dez autores para a escrita de cada um dos capítulos. Foi analisada a evolução demográfica, social, económica, educacional, cultural e institucional, ocorrida em Portugal, com mais relevante impacto na saúde dos Portugueses. Um bom sistema de saúde pode acelerar efeitos positivos dos factores determinantes da saúde. Ora, sempre que se pergunta aos Portugueses quais as grandes conquistas de Abril, ao lado da paz, descolonização, eleições livres, fim da polícia política e da censura, reconhecimento dos direitos civis, económicos e sociais, eles indicam com grande relevo, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS). É a história e o desempenho do SNS que é aqui narrada. Portugal passa hoje por uma contracção brutal da despesa pública que não excepciona a saúde. A questão implícita, não respondida neste livro, não é a de saber se o SNS sobrevive à instabilidade económica, mas sim como pode ele adaptar-se às contingências dos tempos duros que vivemos, mantendo intactos os valores que o criaram.
- Técnicas comportamentais para modificação do estilo de vida e adesão terapêuticaPublication . Santos, Osvaldo; Abreu, Ana
- Prioritizing health care interventions : a multicriteria resource allocation model to inform the choice of community care programmesPublication . Oliveira, Mónica D.; Rodrigues, Teresa C.; Costa, Carlos A. Bana e; Sá, Armando Brito de; Tànfani, Elena; Testi, AngelaMany countries, including Portugal, are currently dealing with budget cuts and a shortage of resources in the health sector, while the demand for health care services is increasing. The Group of Health Centres (GHC) of Northern Lisbon faces the challenge of prioritizing community care programmes in order to decide which programmes to fund. We describe the development with the GHC of a Multi-criteria model to allocate human resources in community care programmes (MARCCO). Building MARCCO was a socio-technical process using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in a decision conferencing environment. The GHC used the results obtained by MARCCO to select programmes and to redesign its information system. MARCCO contributes to the literature by showing how a constructive approach using MCDA methods and decision conferencing is an alternative to conventional approaches used in the prioritization of interventions in the health care sector.
- The road ahead : conclusions and recommendationsPublication . Fernandez, Ana; Padilla, Beatriz; Carballo, Manuel; Miguel, José Pereira
- Health and migration in the European Union : building a shared vision for actionPublication . Padilla, Beatriz; Miguel, José Pereira
- Prioritizing health care interventions : a multicriteria resource allocation model to inform the choice of community care programmesPublication . Oliveira, Mónica D.; Rodrigues, Teresa C.; Costa, Carlos A. Bana e; Sá, Armando Brito deMany countries, including Portugal, are currently dealing with budget cuts and a shortage of resources in the health sector, while the demand for health care services is increasing. The Group of Health Centres (GHC) of the Northen Lisbon faces the challenge of priortizing community care programmes in order to decide wich programmes to fund. We describe the development with the GHC of a Multi-criteria model to allocate human resources in community care programmes (MARCCO). Building MARCCO was a socio-technical process using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in a decision conferencing environment. The GHC used the results obtained by MARCCO to select programmes and to redesign its information system. MARCCO contributes to the literature by showing how a constructive approach using MCDA methods and decision conferencing is an alternative to conventional approaches used in the prioritization of interventions in the health care sector.