Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-06"
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- A investigação em saúde e o Ministério da SaúdePublication . Oliveira, Isabel Carvalho; Calheiros, José Manuel; Miguel, José PereiraCelebrar 40 anos de Abril na Saúde representa o privilégio de tornar evidente uma relação entre os direitos dos cidadãos e a criação de condições que permitam defender e promover a saúde. Em poucas áreas esta relação foi tão comprovadamente estreita, em período de quatro décadas, ao ponto de quase se poderem medir as relações de causa a efeito. Este livro pretende acompanhar o percurso dos últimos 40 anos em áreas chave da saúde, escolhidas pelos coordenadores, que convidaram dez autores para a escrita de cada um dos capítulos. Foi analisada a evolução demográfica, social, económica, educacional, cultural e institucional, ocorrida em Portugal, com mais relevante impacto na saúde dos Portugueses. Um bom sistema de saúde pode acelerar efeitos positivos dos factores determinantes da saúde. Ora, sempre que se pergunta aos Portugueses quais as grandes conquistas de Abril, ao lado da paz, descolonização, eleições livres, fim da polícia política e da censura, reconhecimento dos direitos civis, económicos e sociais, eles indicam com grande relevo, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS). É a história e o desempenho do SNS que é aqui narrada. Portugal passa hoje por uma contracção brutal da despesa pública que não excepciona a saúde. A questão implícita, não respondida neste livro, não é a de saber se o SNS sobrevive à instabilidade económica, mas sim como pode ele adaptar-se às contingências dos tempos duros que vivemos, mantendo intactos os valores que o criaram.
- The role of rural development policy in supporting agroforestry systems in EUPublication . Pisanelli, A.; Marandola, D.; Marangiu, S.; Paris, P.; Rosati, A.; Romano, R.A financial support (Measure 222) was introduced in the EU Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) 2007-2013 aimed at promoting the establishment of agroforestry systems on arable lands. The objectives of the paper are to: i) assess the implementation rate of the Measure 222 in EU27 during the period 2007-2013; ii) identify the main reasons and constraints that affected the farmers’ interest in the Measure 222, iii) highlight the perspectives in the next RDPs 2014-2020. The data on RDPs monitoring were obtained from the European Network for Rural Development (http://enrd.ec.europa.eu) and analyzed. The study compared the financial resources allocated to implement the Measure 222 with: i) the resources allocated to implement other forestry Measures; ii) the effective expenditures invested in establishing new agroforestry systems. The output indicators (number of beneficiaries and hectares under new agroforestry systems) were also analyzed in relation to their expected target. The Measure 222 was poorly applied across EU27: only few EU Regions have allocated resources to the Measure 222 and only 3.4% of these resources has been effectively invested to create new agroforestry systems on arable lands. Moreover, only 2.3% of the expected beneficiaries has been targeted and 2.1% of the expected hectares has been realized. The main constraints that have hampered the success of the Measure 222 in EU27 are reported. The new Regulation (EU Reg. 1305/2013) in support of rural development 2014-2020 states that: i) agroforestry systems comprise the combination between forestry plantations and agriculture on the same land; ii) grants should cover the establishment costs (up to 80% of the expenses) and the maintenance costs with an annual premium for 5 years; iii) beneficiaries should be not limited to farmers but may include also Municipalities and Associations. This new grant scheme should raise farmers and land owners interest in agroforestry systems.
- Stent for Life in Portugal : this initiative is here to stayPublication . Pereira, Hélder; Pinto, Fausto J.; Calé, Rita; Pereira, Ernesto; Marques, Jorge; Almeida, Manuel; Mello, Sofia de; Martins, Luís DiasAims: Portugal has one of the lowest rates of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) in Western Europe. This study assessed the progress of Portuguese p-PCI performance indicators one year after Portugal joined the Stent for Life (SFL) initiative. Methods and Results: Two national surveys were carried out, each covering a period of one month: the first when Portugal joined the SFL in 2011 (Moment Zero), and the second one year later (Moment One). A total of 397 consecutive patients with probable ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were enrolled (201 at Moment Zero and 196 at Moment One) from 15 centers. During this period, the number of patients who arrived at a local hospital without p-PCI decreased (62---47%; p=0.004) and transportation to a p-PCI hospital by the National Institute for Medical Emergencies (INEM) increased significantly (13---37%; p<0.001). Shorter times to revascularization were observed, due to shorter patient delay (118---102 min; p=0.008). Door-to-balloon delay and system delay remained unchanged. Conclusions: Improvements in performance indicators for p-PCI demonstrate the success of the first year of the local SFL plan, which was mainly focused on raising public awareness of the need to use the INEM emergency services, which has reduced patient delay, and on improving secondary transportation.
- Growth performance and survival of poplar and willow in waterlogged soils - a comparison of two sitesPublication . Koim, Nora; Murach, Dieter
- Eppur si muove…Publication . Serôdio, Maria HelenaEditorial do nº21 (Junho de 2014) da revista Sinais de cena, revista da Associação Portuguesa de Críticos de Teatro / Centro de Estudos de Teatro.
- Somos todos agentes culturaisPublication . Campos, AnaNão obstante os alertas constantes para os perigos imensos que as novas formas de comunicação, como a internet, representam para a segurança, a privacidade e mesmo as relações afectivas e sociais entre os indivíduos que a elas acedem, temos de reconhecer que, paralelamente, elas geram partilhas à escala quase planetária, permitindo a difusão de todo o tipo de informação, desinformação e contra-informação, cujo impacto futuro não somos hoje ainda capazes de avaliar devidamente.
- Agroforestry research and development in HungaryPublication . Vityi, A.; Marosvolgyi, B.; Szalai, Z.Hungary is a traditionally agricultural country, therefore the „old” agroforestry technologies (windbreaks, shelter-belts, hedgerows, wooded pastures) had been applied in large scale in the past centuries. From the early nineties the positive trend of increasing area of protective forest belts first stopped, then reversed. The former area of forest belts (35 000 hectares) has decreased by 50% up to this time. The high ratio of “risky” territories demonstrates the strong need for the development of rural areas, by eg. the implementation of innovative agricultural technology able to increase social-economic sustainability. Followed from the forest belt research project started in the ’60s and ran over the course of several decades, a new line of experiments has started some years ago in the UWH Faculty of Forestry with the aim to develop a modell for the design and construction of forest belts by the combination of digital modelling and field sampling with analytical methods. The examination and development of windbreaks and shelter belt system will be continued within the frame of a national project focused on climate – vegetation relationship. In 2012 the UWH Cooperational Research Centre, together with local cooperatives and farmers have set the objective of integrating modern agroforestry technologies in their on-farm agricultural activity and establishing new experimental sites available for future research and demonstration purposes. This cooperation will also contribute to the „AGFORWARD” international research project on agroforestry. In the Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Ecological Farming and Sustainable Production Systems an R&D project on forest gardens started in 2010. From this year agroforestry appears among the “determinative research and development subjects” of the Ministry of Rural Development. This development and the increasing number of research projects show agroforestry rising again in Hungary.
- Holistic agroforestry system in practice. Just an idea or is there a living model ?Publication . Palma, J.H.N.; Paulo, Joana Amaral; Sendim, A.In the last decades there has been a tendency to classify agroforestry systems to help focus on particular aspects of different practices with specific objectives. However, in practice, the management of land use at farm scale has a wide range of options and decisions to be made at operational level following a certain strategy. Farmers can adopt certain agroforestry practices to suit and enhance their business as usual. What if agroforestry is considered the central key for the farming system and the business as usual is built under the “agroforestry concept umbrella” to produce different farming activities? We introduce a holistic agroforestry business model running in practice in Herdade do Freixo do Meio (HFM), about 100 km east of Lisbon. This farm has 423 ha running a business which strategy is based on sustainability concepts. There are three pillars in the current sustainable management model: Deepening, Widening and Repositioning. The first one focus on a) diversification of income, b) organic agriculture, c) extensive production practices, d) autochthonous species and their certification, e) on-farm added value to products. The Widening strategy focus on f) recreational and environmental education, g) enabling visiting activities, h) organizing thematic pathways, i) eco-camping, j) catering and k) environmental services. The Repositioning strategy focus on l) energy production, m) organizing on-farm events and n) host “your nursery” projects (Auriault 2012). The farm has the social responsibility of employing about 20 local people. The cornerstone in the management strategy is the improvement of the soil quality as this is considered vital to surrounding around 300 satellite products and services coming from the farm. Trees under the Montado agroforestry system are vital in the management as they provide services such as improvement of soil organic matter, soil water management, fungus and bacteria host, erosion regulator, animal shelter, fodder, ecological niches, direct non wood forest products (e.g. cork, acorns) and indirect (e.g. mushrooms, honey), hunting services, aesthetic value and cultural heritage. According to the recent established EU project “Agroforestry that will advance rural development (AGFORWARD 2014-2017), agroforestry systems can be roughly focused in four types: 1) High Natural and Conservation Value, 2) High value tree systems, 3) Silvoarable systems and 4) Silvopastoral systems. Throughout the above brief description of HFM farm, it is not possible to frame HFM in a singular type due to its holistic management embracing all “types of agroforestry”. The AGFORWARD project is embracing the farm to be studied under a High Natural and Conservation Value system, but the farm is also a unique opportunity to improve existing farm-scale agroforestry models (e.g. Graves et al 2011) as it helps to understand the interactions between products and services of agroforestry systems in a multifunctional concept, a goal envisaged in “field and farm evaluation” work package (WP6). According to the farmer, “if I would do conventional farming practices, I would increase my income by almost double. This is due to the current payment scheme biased towards intensive agriculture”. This was partially studied in Palma et al (2007), and a more comprehensive evaluation is being strengthened through the improvement of models, where innovative farms, such as HFM, are of high importance.
- Effects of biophysical interactions of the alley cropping system on yield and nutrition of forage crops in SaskatchewanPublication . Issah, G.; Kimaro, A.A.; Kort, J.; Knight, D.J.Competition between trees and crops in alley cropping systems for soil moisture, light and nutrients, especially N can lead to decreased crop yield. However, there is tree-crop interactions in alley cropping the Canadian prairies are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of light and soil moisture conditions in the alleyways on yield and nutrition of forage crops. The experiment was conducted using a 9-yeald old Manitoba maple alley cropping site with oats inter-planted in the alleys at the experimental site of the Agroforestry Development Centre, Indian Head, SK. Apart from crude protein (CP) and total nitrogen (TN) in the oats plant, dry matter content (DM), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were not affected by distance from the tree row, orientation of oats plots and their interactions. Apparently, soil moisture (SMC) influenced yield and nutrition of oats in the northern orientation since DM, TN and CP were also higher in north facing plots. Producers may integrate trees on farm to diversify production cycles without comprising forage crop production and nutrition because no significant adverse effects were noted within 6m from the tree row.