DE - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais / Articles in International Journals
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- El desarrollo y el desafío de la paz en AngolaPublication . Ferreira, Manuel EnnesEn agosto de 2001, el presidente de Angola, José Eduardo Dos Santos, anunció su intención de no volver a presentarse a las próximas elecciones presidenciales. En octubre, el Parlamento Europeo concedió el Premio Sájarov de Derechos Humanos al arzobispo angoleño Zacarías Kamuenho. Si esto último pudo contribuir a proteger la sociedad civil de las arbitrariedades de las que ha sido objeto, y permitir que la Iglesia en Angola pueda, eventualmente, desempeñar un papel de mediación y de reconciliación nacional, la primera noticia resulta sorprendente. El desarrollo económico, social y político del país, sólo es posible con el fin de la guerra civil. Partiendo del ejemplo del sector de la industria manufacturera como representativo de la economía no-petrolífera,1 este artículo pone de relieve el imperativo de la paz de modo que, a través de la economía política, permita comprender mejor la realidad angoleña y efectuar algunas consideraciones sobre su futuro.
- Development and the peace dividend insecurity paradox in AngolaPublication . Ferreira, Manuel EnnesAt the end of a civil war, it is frequently assumed that there is a ‘pay-off’ that arises from the reallocation of military spending, the so-called ‘peace dividend’, allowing for increased economic growth and greater attention to social questions. However, this outcome is by no means guaranteed. The extent of the peace dividend depends on a series of multidimensional factors which the political economy of development can help us to understand. In this article, the concept ‘peace dividend insecurity paradox’ is suggested as a way of describing the situation when the peace dividend fails to materialise. To this end, we introduce the need for a broader analysis linking human security to development. The case of Angola is analysed, in which it is argued that the ‘vested interests’ established during more than 25 years of civil war prevented the consolidation of human security and development, and now may lead to the creation of the peace dividend insecurity paradox.
- Angola: conflict and development, 1961-2002Publication . Ferreira, Manuel EnnesCan a country achieve its development goals or, at least, its economic growth goals when it faces forty years of war? Angola's case serves as a paradigmatic example to answer this question. From 1961 to 1974, Angolans opposed Portuguese colonial rule by violent, revolutionary struggle. But from 1975 (Angola's independence year) to April 2002 (the date of the last cease-fire), a civil war pitted the ruling MPLA party against the main rebel group, UNITA. Macroeconomic performance differed across these two time-periods. The article explores the influence of internal and external economic and political conditions on Angola's development, under circumstances of war, and speculates on Angola's immediate future. The article argues, in particular, that Angola's elites have used the civil war as an excuse behind which to hide atrocious economic policy.
- Gatekeeping African studies: What does ‘editormetrics’ indicate about journal governance?Publication . Mendonça, Sandro; Pereira, João; Ferreira, Manuel EnnesThis paper probes the internal governance of research journals by focusing on the editorial boards of leading African studies academic journals. We submit editorships to systematic scrutiny through a number of perspectives: geography, gender, institutional affiliation, research performance, entry/exit, etc. Overall, leading journals in the area of African studies are found to be less inclusive than expected: under a quarter of the editors are Africa-based scholars while women are even scarcer. Observations on editorial inflation, repeat editors, interlocking editorships and differentiated journal positionings are also made possible by taking a quantitative approach to editorial evidence. What we refer as ‘‘editormetrics’’ thus suggests the need for further debate regarding the managerial rules and roles of journals. This perspective may, and perhaps should, inform other evidence based appraisals of the journal ‘‘industry’’ and the research policy scene at large
- The political economy of banking in AngolaPublication . Ferreira, Manuel Ennes; Oliveira, Ricardo Soares deFrom inauspicious beginnings in a post-socialist, highly dysfunctional financial system, Angolan banking grew in less than a decade after the end of the country’s long civil war into one of Africa’s largest. Fuelled by the country’s oil boom, banks became crucial in articulating Angola’s interactions with the international system as well as a domestic agenda of oligarchic consolidation by the ruling MPLA’s elite. This article describes and analyses this growth trajectory in its historical and institutional context and seeks to understand the reasons why it did not lead to either a significant expansion of credit outside the elite or a contribution towards economic diversification outside the oil sector. Important as a study of the political economy of finance in Africa’s third largest economy, the article also contributes to the growing literature on the nexus between banking and politics in resource-rich states.
- A crise económica actual: um ensaio de interpretação marxistaPublication . Mendonça, AntónioO forte crescimento da economia capitalista mundial e a diminuição considerável da amplitude dos movimentos cíclicos, durante o período do pós-guerra, parecem ter validado os conceitos keynesianos que chegaram ao poder após a crise de 1929 e a subsequente segunda guerra mundial. Em 1974-75 tudo mudou. A crise reapareceu em toda a sua profundidade e, com ela, instalou-se um sentimento de cepticismo quanto à eficácia da intervenção do Estado. Ao mesmo tempo, com toda a sua força, reapareceram as teses “liberais” e monetaristas que tinham sido destronadas pelo impacto dos acontecimentos dos anos 30 e pela crítica de Keynes. O objetivo deste artigo é enquadrar o debate que existe hoje sobre a crise e a intervenção do Estado e propor uma interpretação das dificuldades económicas desencadeadas pela crise de 1974-75, a partir dos elementos teóricos deixados por Marx.
- Le Portugal et l’Espagne dans leurs rapports avec les Afriques continentale et insulairePublication . Silva, Joaquim RamosCette publication présente les actes du colloque international organisé par l’équipe de recherche ERILAR (Équipe de Recherches en Langues Romanes) à Rennes, en 2001, sur les rapports du Portugal et de l’Espagne avec l’Afrique, ou mieux, avec certaines de ses parties continentales et insulaires, au cours de divers contextes historiques. De nature interdisciplinaire, ce colloque avait réuni des chercheurs de diverses nationalités, historiens, linguistes, géographes, économistes, etc., ayant abordé une vaste gamme de sujets. Il est toujours difficile de faire un compte rendu complet d’un ouvrage réunissant trente communications d’une grande diversité. Il s’agit d’un ouvrage opportun qui tire d’un oubli trop fréquent de petits pays et régions, et relance le débat sur quelques thèmes majeurs de la présence portugaise et espagnole en Afrique. Cependant, on regrettera une faiblesse dans l’analyse comparative des rapports actuels des anciens colonisateurs ibériques avec les pays africains, c’est-à-dire, dans le nouveau contexte de rapports entre États indépendants (mais non point égaux, compte tenu de leurs possibilités et ressources disponibles). On aurait aimé, par exemple, une comparaison de la politique extérieure des deux pays ibériques membres de l’Union européenne envers leurs partenaires africains, notamment les petits pays insulaires, enclavés ou voisins d’autres plus puissants. Il serait également intéressant d’approfondir les possibles différences entre les approches portugaise et espagnole de l’Afrique
- Portugal e Brasil: J. P. de Oliveira MartiinsPublication . Silva, Joaquim RamosNa presente recensão, seguiremos esta ordem de análise, pois como observa o organizador dos textos Sérgio Campos Matos, o tema Portugal e Brasil do título, acaba por ser relativamente ofuscado nestas crónicas, e, embora elas tenham contribuído para a presença do Brasil na obra posterior de Oliveira Martins, foram mais utilizadas para divulgar as suas posições sobre política interna (relações entre Estado e Igreja a propósito da agitação levantada pelo clero ultramontano no Brasil e em Portugal, questões sobre parlamentarismo e a reforma eleitoral, política de ensino, críticas à política de transportes do governo fontista, em particular no domínio da construção de caminhos-de-ferro – um dos temas mais constantes –, etc.). No entanto, deve-se desde já sublinhar que apesar do Brasil ser uma referência relativamente menor, já não o era na importância que Oliveira Martins lhe atribuía para Portugal, apresentando a sua matriz desta relação na terceira crónica : « Lembremo-nos ainda de que, financeira e até economicamente a nossa existência depende da do Brasil. É ele quem nos cota os nossos fundos, quem nos compra a máxima parte dos nossos produtos, quem alimenta boa porção das nossas indústrias. O mínimo desarranjo da máquina de lá, desorganiza logo a máquina de cá … » (p. 75) . Aliás, ele volta várias vezes à ideia da vulnerabilidade de portuguesa face a acontecimentos que possam ocorrer no Brasil.
- Entre multilatéralisme et intégration régionale : La politique commerciale du gouvernement Lula (2003-2006)Publication . Silva, Joaquim RamosQuelle a été la politique commerciale du Brésil durant le premier mandat du président Lula da Silva ? Cet article aborde tous les aspects fondamentaux de la question : héritage de la politique commerciale, performances du commerce extérieur, participation aux négociations internationales (le Doha Round), priorités géographiques des directives commerciales et des relations entre le commerce extérieur et la stratégie de développement. Il analyse les bons résultats obtenus sur le plan intérieur (appréciation du réal, excédents de la balance commerciale, réduction de la dette extérieure, en particulier publique, flexibilité de l’offre brésilienne face à la demande mondiale . . .) en les replaçant, en particulier, dans le cadre du boom des matières premières au plan international. Il fait également le point sur l’activité déployée par le gouvernement Lula au sein des négociations commerciales internationales. Au niveau des options de développement du commerce extérieur, il soulève un conflit possible entre une orientation trop axée sur les pays du Sud et l’intégration optimale de l’économie brésilienne au marché mondial, qui marque actuelle ment le pas dans le domaine de l’attraction des investissements étrangers au Brésil..
- Spanish and Portuguese hotel networks in Brazil: Evidence from the Northern Coast of BahiaPublication . Gomes, Lirandina; Silva, Joaquim RamosThe paper analyzes the experience of Portuguese and Spanish hotel networks in Brazil, specifically on the Northern Coast of Bahia. We look at this process over the period when Brazil was opening up to international tourism corporations through promotion of national and regional policies. The research included surveying hotel representatives from investing countries. Clearly, there is a mighty convergence of interests between hotel groups, civil construction firms, and financial institutions, which appeals strongly to the political powers, particularly at a regional level. We also conclude that countries launching their tourism industry may learn from the experience of first comers with this crisscrossing research approach proving beneficial from various perspectives.