ARTIS-IHA - Comunicações e Publicações em Livros de Actas
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- A talha rococó goesa na periferia cultural europeiaPublication . Santos, Joaquim Rodrigues dos
- From Rome to Goa : Domes in Goan Catholic ArchitecturePublication . Santos, Joaquim Rodrigues dos
- The marble façade of the Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa in the context of the 1940 Centenary Commemorations: cleaning and consolidationPublication . Soares, Clara Moura; Rodrigues, Rute MassanoEspera realização de congresso "Consolidation 2021. Stone Consolidation in Cultural Heritage" (20-22 outubro 2021). [Apoio FCT (ref.UIDB/04189/2020)]
- As primeiras fortificações europeias no Sri Lanka : (possíveis) origens portuguesas de várias fortificações holandesasPublication . Santos, Joaquim Rodrigues dosCerca de uma década depois do primeiro contacto português com a mítica “Taprobana”, realizado em 1506, foi estabelecido um posto fortificado para comércio em território cingalês, junto ao Reino de Cota, no sudoeste da ilha de Ceilão. Aos poucos a presença portuguesa foi-se estendendo para norte e para sul, ao longo do litoral, chegando de Matara (no sul) até Jafanapatão (no norte), e penetrando para o interior até Manicavaré, Sitavaca e Sofragão, a meio caminho de Candia, capital do reino cingalês. Esta expansão do poderio português no Ceilão foi feita a partir de bases fortificadas: Columbo, Negumbo, Calituré, Gale, Maturé, Chilão, Manar e, no final do século XVI, Jafanapatão, a que se juntou no início do século seguinte Triquinimalé e Batecalou, na costa nordeste e leste da ilha. Porém, o fim da hegemonia portuguesa no Ceilão começou a revelar-se no início do século XVII, tendo a ameaça holandesa surgido na ilha nos inícios do segundo quartel desse século, com a tomada das praças mais orientais; em poucos anos todos os territórios portugueses na ilha acabaram por cair sob domínio neerlandês. Desde então instalou-se a crença de que as obsoletas fortificações portuguesas foram totalmente demolidas e reconstruídas depois, mais aperfeiçoadamente, pelos holandeses. Porém, tal poderá ter sucedido de um modo distinto, deturpado em prol da mitificação holandesa: existem mais fortificações portuguesas no Sri Lanka do que geralmente se pensa. Pretende-se desvelar esta problemática mediante propostas que visam demonstrar a permanência de várias fortificações portuguesas, algumas equivocadamente designadas como holandesas, comparando-as com descrições e iconografia históricas, bem como com outras fortificações portuguesas no Oriente. Percebe-se assim que a origem dessas fortificações poderá afinal ser portuguesa, permitindo apresentar um conjunto de hipóteses que sirvam de mote para o debate sobre a verdadeira origem de muitas das fortificações no Sri Lanka atribuídas aos holandeses.
- Castelos encantados e castelinhos residenciais : as casas acasteladas revivalistas em PortugalPublication . Santos, Joaquim Rodrigues dos
- Santa Teresa de Jesus na azulejaria portuguesaPublication . Marinho, LúciaO presente artigo pretende destacar a importância da azulejaria como meio de representação e transmissão da figura e mensagem preconizadas por Santa Teresa de Jesus. Expressão artística que melhor identifica e diferencia a cultura portuguesa, o azulejo revestiu tanto as igrejas como os espaços conventuais da Ordem dos Carmelitas Descalços, mas também fora do universo carmelita. Muito deste património ainda se encontra in situ o que, em parte, facilita a interpretação dos painéis e dos episódios escolhidos, relativamente ao espaço arquitectónico para o qual foram previamente pensados. Contudo, parte deste património encontra-se descontextualizado, como é o caso dos painéis alusivos à santa carmelita, hoje no Museu Nacional do Azulejo. São estes o objecto central da nossa dissertação de doutoramento e que, a par dos que ainda se encontram in situ, iremos dar a conhecer.
- Anatomical identification of a historic wooden wedge from the construction of Cais das Colunas (Lisbon, Portugal)Publication . Antunes, Alexandra de CarvalhoThe historic quay Cais das Colunas was constructed during the decades 1770-1790. In 1996 was partially dismounted and in 2008 was reconstructed. During these interventions some samples of materials were collected, in order to characterize them. It was collected a wooden wedge, of 25 centimeters long, used during the construction process of the historical quay to adjust one of the stone blocks. The (re)construction of Lisbon, after the 1755's earthquake, depended on huge quantities of wood. Recent historic survey confirmed that tons on wood came to Lisbon from various regions of Portugal (such as Alcácer do Sal and Marinha Grande) and also from some European countries – particularly from Sweden and from the Netherlands. There were already identified, in Pombaline structural elements of the buildings, species already introduced at Portuguese forestry at that time, such as Quercus pedunculata, Castanea sativa, Quercus suber and Quercus ilex; and also other non introduced species, at that time, like Larix decidua or nordic Pinus sylvestris. Species from other continents are also referred in literature: Pinus caribaea, Swietenia macrophylla and Tectona grandis. The present study focuses on the anatomical identification of the wood of the wedge, in order to identify its specie and then to try to determine the material's geographical origin - based on the available knowledge of the distribution of species in the second half of the XVIIIth century. The sample was studied according recommendations of IAWA: (1) macroscopically and (2) microscopically, through transversal, tangential and radial sections of approximately 17 to 20 μm thickness obtained with a sliding microtome, stained with Safranin and mounted on Eukitt; a dissociation process of the lignin (stained with astrablau) was also performed. A microscope Leica DML coupled with a digital camera and the image analysis system LEICA Qwin Plus software Leica, allowed the acquisition of images. The anatomical features of the sample disprove the existing premiss of a nordic P. sylvestris, from Sweden or from the Netherlands. The observed anatomy i.e. coalescence of pinoid pits to windowlike and the type of inner wall thickening of ray tracheids are described in some Pinus spp such as Pinus caribea; but extra survey has to be developed in order to know the wood specie of the wedge and determine its geographical origin.
- Preliminary results on the characterization of limestone from Cais das Colunas (Lisbon, Portugal)Publication . Antunes, Alexandra de CarvalhoThe historic quay Cais das Colunas was constructed during the decades 1770-1790. In 1996 was partially dismounted and in 2008 was reconstructed. During these interventions some samples of materials were collected, in order to characterize them. It is common sense that the (re)construction of Lisbon after the earthquake recurred, almost strictly, to Portuguese lioz limestone from Pero Pinheiro region. Recent historic survey revealed that other regions of Portugal, such as Paço de Arcos and Carcavelos, supplied stone material to the great building yard that was Lisbon since 1758 to the end of that century. It was possible to collect and study samples from three distinct stone blocks: a fragment of a substituted stone block of the pavement (ST1); a fragment from the basis of east column (ST2); and a block of the quay's core (ST3). All of these were discarded in the reconstruction intervention of 2008, so the harm of these studies to the monumental quay is null. The present study focuses on the determination of (1) water absorption by capillarity and (2) uniaxial compressive strength. The tests were developed in order to preliminary characterize the stone material used in the construction of the monumental quay. It were followed the European Standards EN 15801:2009 and EN 1926:2006. Samples ST1 and ST3 showed a similar behavior in capillarity water absorption with high values 0,738 g/mm2 and 0,597 g/mm2 curve than ST2 which present low capillarity water absorption with an average of 0,113 g/mm2. Also, as expected by the capillarity values, the ST2 samples present the highest value (87,77 MPa). ST1 and ST2 show 72,02 MPa and 78,38 MPa, respectively. It is possible a preliminary identification of different types of lioz limestone. Samples ST1 and ST3 demonstrated similarities on the studied parameters, comparing to the ones of ST2 – that revealed lower water absorption and higher compressive strength. Further studies, in order to the mineralogical and chemical characterization of the specimens, are being carried out. The identification of the quarries is also a goal of the research project.
- Risk Assessment and Preventive Conservation Program of the Limestone Quay Cais das Colunas (Lisbon, Portugal)Publication . Antunes, Alexandra de CarvalhoThe ‘Cais das Colunas’ is located on the border of Tagus River, integrating the ‘Terreiro do Paço’ the royal square of the historical centre of Lisbon and the ‘Baixa Pombalina’. The quay, erected after the great Lisbon earthquake of 1755, is a historical place and tourist mark of the Portuguese capital. Due to the expansion of the underground lines of the city of Lisbon, the coastal monument was partially removed in 1997, in order to construct a tunnel beside its foundations. The deconstruction, or partial removal, took four months, in the Spring/Summer of 1997. During the deconstruction, each one of the 1500 limestone blocks was carefully removed, marked with a number and then transported to a safe place. Later, it was applied urgent cleaning treatments on part of the limestone blocks. The reconstruction project was initially planned to be completed in 1999, but accidents, during the construction of the new underground line, resulted in its postponement. During the summer of 2008 the historic quay was finally reconstructed. The monument was reconstructed using modern techniques and materials. Structural corrections were made but each of the stone blocks was replaced in its original localization. Before the removal of the blocks, the main pathologies were identified, classified and mapped. Through macroscopic observation, 17 distinct pathologies affecting stone, mortar or metallic elements were identified and classified. From these, the most significant, in terms of occurrence, were mapped grouping the pathologies in four maps. Results demonstrate that the marine environment is responsible for most of the pathologies. East and west elevations reveal a different distribution of weathering forms, showing wind and solar radiation effects. Of particular relevance are the river polluted water and the biological attacks, as well as effects of air pollutants. Since the quay’s reconstruction, which ended in August 2008, three years have passed. It is now time to evaluate the new materials and construction systems used on the XXIth century (re)construction. Do they contribute to increase the “durability” of the limestone quay? Or will they accelerate its degradation? Is Cais das Colunas a monument at risk? A “preventive conservation program” is being prepared. This includes systematic evaluation and monitoring procedures. The aim is to evaluate the effects of the marine environment on the weathering of the quays’ materials and structure and to clearly identify mechanisms and critical factors, in order to act preventively.
- Risk Level Assessment and Buildings at Risk : The case of the Seaside Architecture (1860-1925) of Oeiras, PortugalPublication . Antunes, Alexandra de CarvalhoThe “Seaside Architecture Inventory of Oeiras” was developed between 2004 and 2008, as part of a doctorate thesis in the scientific area of architecture. It includes fifty single-family houses, built for seaside vacations. They were built between 1860 and 1925 in the territory of the current Oeiras’ municipality. This is a pioneer study for the quoted region which takes a multidisciplinary approach, to the systemization, the description of the buildings, as well as assessment of risk levels. The main goal of this research project was to define the correct program of conservation, safeguarding and revitalizing of these eclectic and historic buildings. This research involved field work in addition to documentary and bibliographical research. Each one of the dwellings was individually studied to: gather historical, administrative and technical data; provide a physical description; evaluate it’s the state of conservation and present recommendations for intervention. The evaluation of the state of conservation of each building was done through a two phase method: 1) The evaluation was preceded by definitions of anomalies to be noted (the so called typifying anomalies), which formed a basis for a check list. Nine structural anomalies and 25 non structural anomalies, such as finishes and coatings, were typified. The state of conservation for each building was summarized on a scale from 1(very bad) to 4 (good). 2) The second phase was the assessment of risk. Based on the principle that the general state of conservation of a building is influenced by its kind of occupation, six risk levels, from 1 (extreme risk) to 6 (null risk) were defined. The assessment of the general state of conservation of each building revealed that 46% (n=23) are in good condition but 12% (n=6) are in a very bad and 16% (n=8) in a bad state of conservation. This approach revealed that 44% (n=22) of the inventoried houses have null risk. Six buildings are in extreme risk, four buildings are in serious risk and seven buildings are in high risk. T, 34% (n=17) of the historic holiday seaside houses of the municipality of Oeiras are at risk, based on the definitions of risk levels 1 to 3. “Seaside Heritage of Oeiras” was the theme of European Heritage Days of Oeiras, which occurred on 25th September 2010. It is in recognition of the importance of t his Heritage, which is in danger of disappearing.
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