SOCIUS - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais / Articles in International Journals
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- Back to the South: Social and political aspects of Latin American migration to Southern EuropePublication . Peixoto, JoãoWhen migration from the Latin American and Caribbean countries to Europe is studied, a preferential stream can be noted towards southern Europe. There would also appear to have been a remarkable growth in the volume of flows in this direction in recent years. The flows themselves vary: in the case of Spain, nationals from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Argentina predominate; Portugal is the recipient of Brazilians; and Italy mainly plays host to nationals from Peru and Ecuador. These flows reveal the importance of various factors: economic push and pull mechanisms; the former presence in the region of Spain and Portugal as erstwhile colonial powers; the earlier waves of emigrants in that direction from Spain, Portugal and Italy; a relatively more favourable social reception; and political initiatives that favour the new sending countries. In other words, economic gaps, former historical links, cultural and linguistic affinities, family ties and diplomatic channels suggest that a special route exists for migrants from Latin America. The topics that will be expanded upon in this paper include the factors explaining recent immigration to southern Europe; the economic incorporation of immigrants; the social framework of flows, including reactions from local populations; and the tentative and multiple policy responses to immigration. Conclusions indicate that the potential for movements from Latin America, resulting from both previous and current links, has proved to be a favourable response to the need for immigrant workers in the case of southern European societies. Despite the familiar path (albeit in the reverse direction), the economic incorporation of immigrants has mainly occurred in the low-ranking jobs, as was the case with other inflows. This stemmed from market needs, state failures and the importance of the family. However, given the numerous links between Latin America and southern Europe, the social and policy responses adopted towards these immigrants seem to have been more beneficial than towards other groups.
- Crise econômica e retorno dos imigrantes brasileiros em PortugalPublication . Nunan, Carolina; Peixoto, JoãoA crise econômica internacional desencadeada em 2008 produziu enormes efeitos sobre as migrações mundiais. Alguns estudos têm sido dedicados a esta temática. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir e discutir sobre a existência de um possível fluxo de retorno dos imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal ao país de origem. Os resultados desta investigação apontam para uma desaceleração do fluxo de entrada em Portugal, uma propensão significativa ao retorno, mas um volume efetivo de retorno inferior ao que seria teoricamente de esperar. .
- Economic sociology in PortugalPublication . Peixoto, João; Marques, RafaelIn this article, we look at the constitution of the field of economic sociology in Portugal. First, we consider the institutional framework of the field, reviewing the research that uses, in an explicit way, the economic sociology label or tries to unfold direct links between economics and sociology. Second, we review other themes of study that are closely connected to the field. Due to the dispersed status of the research, the list of authors presented in this paper should be considered provisional.
- Economic transnationalism and migration : Portuguese - American entrepreneurship and PortugalPublication . Marçalo, Carolina; Peixoto, JoãoThe main objective of this paper is to analyze economic aspects of transnationalism, particularly transnational entrepreneurship, in Portuguese-American communities—located in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Jersey. Questions addressed in this study include the types of trade and investment that have developed under the frame of transnational ethnic businesses; the ties of Portuguese-American business owners to the ethnic market; and, alternatively, the expansion of businesses beyond the ethnic group. In addition, we also examine changes in business orientation from first to second and subsequent generations. We employ a predominantly qualitative methodology, including interviews and case studies. The main conclusions are that a) the ethnic characteristics of Portuguese-Americans are related to business development in the community and, particularly, to the creation of transnational ethnic businesses; b) the transition from the ethnic market to the mainstream American market and those of other ethnic groups is a condition for business growth; c) second and subsequent generations are associated with business modernization; and d) businesses can be oriented to both the mainstream and ethnic markets simultaneously.
- Flessibilità e segmentazione del mercato del lavoro in Portogallo: genere e immigrazionePublication . Casaca, Sara Falcão; Peixoto, JoãoIn questo articolo, verrà fornita una panoramica generale del mercato del lavoro in Portogallo, adottando come prospettiva d’analisi i modelli di genere e migratori. In uno scenario di sempre maggiore flessibilità del’occupazione, l’accresciuta partecipazione delle donne al mondo del la voro e insieme la crescita dell’immigrazione hanno svolto un ruolo decisi vo. Donne e immigrati sono entrambi sovrarappresentati nei segmenti più precari, il che significa che essi hanno contribuito a sostenere alcune delle più recenti dinamiche occupazionali. Nei paragrafi seguenti, saranno descritti alcuni dei principali indicatori della situazione delle donne e degli immigrati nel mercato del lavoro. Quindi, verrà brevemente discusso il ruolo che le politiche del mercato del lavoro hanno avuto nel riequilibrare le loro situazioni. Alcune considerazioni critiche verranno svolte in conclusione.
- A força dos laços fracos: Estratégias de emprego entre os imigrantes brasileiros em PortugalPublication . Peixoto, João; Egreja, CatarinaA força dos laços fracos: estratégias de emprego entre os imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal Este texto aprofunda o tema das estratégias de obtenção de emprego entre imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal. Entre os principais objetivos está, em primeiro lugar, com preender a importância das redes sociais na obtenção de emprego no exterior, como mecanismo facilitador do processo de migração. Em segundo, explorar a hipótese de que, entre os migrantes internacionais, os “laços fracos” importam mais para obtenção de emprego do que os “laços fortes”. Por fim, identificar as variáveis – sexo, idade, qualificação, inserção socioprofissional e tipo de empregador, entre outras – associadas aos diferentes tipos de estratégias e de redes. A principal base empírica utilizada é uma pesquisa com imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal realizada no ano de 2009.
- Gender and labour in times of austerity : Ireland, Italy and Portugal in comparative perspectivePublication . Addabbo, Tindara; Bastos, Amélia; Casaca, Sara Falcão; Duvvury, Nata; Léime, Áine NíUsing Eurostat data for 2007, 2010 and 2012, the authors examine the effects of the 2008 crisis on the situation of male and female workers in Italy, Ireland and Portugal, with particular attention to changing labour market dynamics, (intra-household) employment patterns, and incomes. The gender gaps in employment, unemployment and precarious employment are narrowing, but this trend cannot be interpreted as progress toward gender equality: it is driven by men’s increasingly vulnerable position resulting from the generalized deterioration of labour market conditions, including the growth of precarious and/or low-paid employment, unemployment and poverty to the detriment of household living standards.
- Immigration policies in Portugal: Limits and compromise in the quest for regulationPublication . Peixoto, João; Sabino, Catarina; Abreu, AlexandreThe main objective of this article is to describe the key elements of the making of immigration control policies in Portugal until 2007. First, the main policy initiatives and measures concerning the admission of foreigners are presented. Second, the mechanisms and difficulties surrounding the issue of immigration control are discussed, and a tension is identified between the structural demand for foreign labour and the measures taken for control. Third, the positions of the main political parties and of the most relevant stakeholders are highlighted. The evidence indicates that despite continued attempts to control immigration, the stated policy objectives are at odds with the outcome, characterised by endemic irregular migration. The factors hindering regulation are both internal and external, encompassing the economic, social, institutional and legal domains. Given the limits to control, policy-makers have sought to achieve a com promise by enacting frequent regularization programmes while seeking to improve admission and control. In this process, the main political parties have exhibited a significant degree of consensus, which may be partially accounted for by the convergence among the other stakeholders (employers, trade unions, Catholic organisations and immigrants’ associations) and by the increasing, albeit contradictory, acceptance of immigration by public opinion.
- Immigration, emigration and policy developments in PortugalPublication . Peixoto, João; Sabino, CatarinaIn the context of Southern Europe, Portugal faces a singular situation. Similarly to Spain, Italy and Greece, the country registered a strong immigration in the late 1990s. However, in the early years of the new century immigration has decreased. At the same time, emigration has continued and a new wave of emigrants has left the country, mostly directed towards Spain. As regards government policy, admission and integration have been addressed but emigration has not seriously been looked into.
- A interação na educação superior a distância: um estudo de caso na Universidade Aberta do BrasilPublication . Nunes, Carolina Schmitt; Peixoto, João; Silva, Karin Vieira da; Osinski, MarileiO objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer a percepção de alunos, tutores e professores ao longo de um curso de graduação a distância, no que se refere à interação estabelecida entre eles. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com coordenadores (6), tutores presenciais (8), tutores a distância (2) e alunos concluintes (24) do curso de administração a distância ofertado pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina através do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil. A análise de dados seguiu os preceitos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2004). Os resultados indicam que as interações aconteciam presencialmente e virtualmente e que os alunos consideram a interação entre eles e com os tutores satisfatória. Entretanto, em relação aos professores, a satisfação tende a decrescer. Além disso, há evidências nos discursos dos entrevistados de que a interação pode afetar tanto no desempenho quanto na permanência dos alunos no curso, especialmente nos primeiros semestres.
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