CSG – RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & MANAGEMENT
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- Em memória de Armando Castro (1918-1999)Publication . Bastien, Carlos; Cardoso, José LuisAo relermos os elementos autobiográficos revelados por Armando Castro em entrevistas que deu por ocasião do seu jubileu académico ¹ , no ano de 1988, uma das imagens que mais nitidamente se recorta é a de um homem que dedicou a sua vida à investigação de forma militante e empenhada, mas sem dela fazer pretexto para glorificação póstuma ou para homenagens de circunstância e pesar. O respeito pela memória de simplicidade, quase timidez, que transmitiu aos que com ele tiveram oportunidade de privar, não impede, porém, que aqui deixemos o nosso testemunho sobre a importância do seu legado.
- A divisão da história do pensamento económico português em períodosPublication . Bastien, CarlosA cena do pensamento económico português conheceu ao longo dos séculos em que Portugal existiu como sociedade politicamente individualizada uma longa evolução. À semelhança do que sucedeu com a generalidade dos casos nacionais, tal evolução foi marcada pela sucessão de épocas, mais ou menos longas, durante as quais a referida cena manteve um modo de organização e funcionamento relativamente estável. Pretende-se neste estudo identificar cada uma dessas épocas e fundamentar uma cronologia que permita estabelecer comparações internacionais e a partir daí detectar eventuais atrasos na afirmação das diversas correntes de pensamento pré-científico e científico em Portugal bem como fixar eventuais traços de originalidade nas diversas configurações que a cena das ideias económicas assumiu ao longo do tempo. Adicionalmente estabelecem-se algumas comparações com anteriores propostas de divisão da história do pensamento económico português em períodos, designadamente com as formuladas por Moses Amzalak, Armando Castro e Almodovar e Cardoso.
- Economistas espanhóis no processo de modernização das ideias económicas em PortugalPublication . Bastien, CarlosEste estudo procura reconstituir a acção de três economistas espanhóis em Lisboa nos anos do segundo pós guerra e esclarecer o seu contributo para o processo de modernização das ideias económicas teóricas e metodológicas então desencadeado em Portugal, designadamente no campo da economia quantitativa. Para além dos aspectos mais concretos e imediatos são sugeridas algumas condições gerais do relacionamento entre duas comunidades científicas semi-periféricas no âmbito da ciência económica mundial.
- A internacionalização das empresas portuguesas : a experiência brasileiraPublication . Silva, Joaquim RamosO artigo tem por objetivo investigar a internacionalização dos investimentos portugueses no Brasil de meados dos anos 1990 até o começo da década de 2000. Foram registradas cerca de 400 empresas lusitanas no país em 2003. Previamente, colocam-se várias questões empíricas e teóricas, e destaca-se a relevância do caso à luz dos grandes modelos de referência em matéria de internacionalização de empresas, em particular a escola nórdica (ou modelo de Uppsala) e o paradigma OLI de John Dunning. Enfatiza-se em seguida a contribuição dos determinantes culturais, globalmente considerados, desde o início do processo de investimento luso-brasileiro. Nesse contexto, o papel da língua comum é enfatizado. De passagem, analisam-se diversos tópicos, inclusive o da influência por vezes paradoxal da proximidade cultural sobre o investimento internacional. Por outro lado, os resultados a que foi possível chegar ajudam a preencher as lacunas deixadas pelas insuficiências teóricas ligadas à negligência do movimento internacional de fatores.
- Brazilian gold and the Lisbon Mint House (1720-1807)Publication . Sousa, Rita Martins deThe purpose of this article is to present the official registers of the arrival of Brazilian gold in Portugal, the Livros dos Manifestos do 1% do ouro do Brasil, which are part of a documentary database that exists at the Lisbon Mint House. Discussion of this source and the data provided by it can contribute towards a better historiographic understanding of the issues related to precious metals. The intention here is also to make a comparative analysis between the statistical series already available about the flow of gold across the Atlantic to Portugal and the data available about Spain, facilitating comparisons between the production of the official sources for gold and silver in the two countries. Contrary to what happened in the case of the Casa de la Contratación, which lost control over cargoes after 1668, the Portuguese legislation always afforded the Lisbon Mint House a relatively centralizing role in the receipt of gold remittances. The first section of this article describes the institutional framework behind the source of the Livros dos Manifestos, making a comparison with Spain, which did not lose its relative homogeneity in spite of the changes introduced through legislative procedures. In the second section, a comparison is made between this official source and the results provided by other statistical series describing gold flows at that time. The period under scrutiny is that between 1720 and 1807. The beginning of this time scale is explained by the centralization policy introduced in 1720 when a 1% tax first began to be levied on the value of the gold shipped to Lisbon. The Livros dos Manifestos ended in 1807, when gold ceased to be a source of tax revenue for the budgets of the Portuguese state
- Incentives or obstacles? Institutional aspects of the cork business in the Iberian Peninsula (1930-1975)Publication . Branco, Amélia; Parejo, Francisco MThe quantitative and comparative analysis of Spanish and Portuguese cork exportations during the 20th century shows that Spain lost its leading position in the world trade of transformed cork while Portugal rose to claim first place. This article takes a step towards identifying the institutional aspects behind the different paths taken by the cork business in the two countries between 1930 and 1975. Starting with a comparative analysis of the legal framework and economic policies which had an impact on the various branches of business during the two Iberian dictatorships, it is argued that Salazar and Franco attributed different degrees of importance to the cork sector. It concludes that these institutional aspects explain a part of the loss of competitiveness of Spanish exports in comparison with Portuguese exports, insofar as they influenced the extent to which the two economies participated in international trade flows as well as production costs in the industry.
- Was the Portuguese Forest Policy a contribution towards economic modernization? The case of the Paper Pulp Industry during the Estado Novo (1930-1974)Publication . Branco, AméliaIn the period following the Second World War, Portugal witnessed a take-off in modern economic growth. The paper pulp industry was one of a group of new industries that underpinned the process of industrial modernization. The productive process of this industry relies on a forest-based renewable raw material: wood. This paper aims to demonstrate that the forest policies of the Estado Novo (New State) contributed to the development of the paper pulp industry through the expansion of the forested area in Portugal. It will be shown that the expansion of the forested area occupied by a fast-growing species - Eucalyptus - as well as that occupied by a species already present in Portuguese forests –Pinus pinaster – was fundamental for the development of the paper pulp industry. Furthermore, a change in the composition of Portuguese forests enabled the pulp industry to respond to a national and international market featuring growing demand. As such, the Portuguese forest showed a positive response to this demand for a raw material from a new sector in Portugal’s industrial structure, and, in doing so, did not hinder economic growth.
- Competitive intelligence: a research model tested on Portuguese firmsPublication . Franco, Mário; Magrinho, André; Silva, Joaquim RamosAbstract: Purpose . - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the environmental scanning practices and information sources used by large companies as well as by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the latter being relatively absent from scientific scrutiny. In doing so, it endeavours to contribute to a better understanding of the scanning and information-gathering behaviour of SMEs, in order to develop measures to overcome their potential disadvantages in this respect. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 165 Portuguese firms. Respondents were required to evaluate their use of 11 different environmental scanning practices and 12 information sources. For data analysis, the variables were classified using principal component analysis. Subsequently, the retained components and variables underwent a one-way variance analysis. Findings – Results indicate that smaller firms do not scan as broadly and as frequently as their larger counterparts. Although external information sources are used equally by larger and smaller enterprises, in general there is also a positive relationship between the exploitation of information sources and firm size. Research limitations/implications – Findings are taken from the Portuguese context, with its own idiosyncratic economic structure and climate. Generalisations should therefore be made with caution. Practical implications – As the “size effect” influences the propensity for environmental scanning, SMEs are urged to adopt inter-firm strategies in order to achieve a critical mass. The importance of building scanning and information networks among SMEs must be highlighted. Originality/value – Research on environmental scanning in SMEs and comparative studies of the firm size effect have been relatively scarce. The findings reveal that firm size matters, insofar as the use of different scanning practices and information sources mostly augments with increasing firm size.
- Global governance from the perspective of law and economicsPublication . Slva, Joaquim RamosThe globalization process of the last decades has challenged the theoretical approaches of economics, particularly in the field of governance. This is the case with law and economics insofar as global rules, in conformity with economic principles, are necessary to govern the increasing interdependence that emerges from larger and deeper relationships, particularly between national governments, transnational firms and international institutions, that characterize globalization. Considering global governance as the management of the world economy in a way that accommodates the interests of its diverse players, it is clear that there is no system of law that covers the global marketplace, at least in some important respects. Moreover, many of the globally relevant laws and rules are drawn up at a nation-state level. This paper explores the possible conflicts that may arise from this situation and the way that we can cope with them. It also raises some questions related to the core subject: What may the contribution of law and economics be to the resolution of these problems? Is law and economics well-equipped to deal with international problems of this type? What are the legal incentives and consistent frameworks that may be created, inspired by this approach, for a better functioning of the global system? Within this context, we will focus on some major topics of law and economics, such as regulation and effective competition. Particular attention will be addressed to the analysis of global rules, their emergence and enforcement, linked to the choices made by the players on the international stage, for example between discretion and cooperation..
- Scanning practices and information sources: an empirical study of firm sizePublication . Franco, Mário; Magrinho, André; Silva, Joaquim RamosAbstract: Purpose . - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the environmental scanning practices and information sources used by large companies as well as by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the latter being relatively absent from scientific scrutiny. In doing so, it endeavours to contribute to a better understanding of the scanning and information-gathering behaviour of SMEs, in order to develop measures to overcome their potential disadvantages in this respect. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 165 Portuguese firms. Respondents were required to evaluate their use of 11 different environmental scanning practices and 12 information sources. For data analysis, the variables were classified using principal component analysis. Subsequently, the retained components and variables underwent a one-way variance analysis. Findings – Results indicate that smaller firms do not scan as broadly and as frequently as their larger counterparts. Although external information sources are used equally by larger and smaller enterprises, in general there is also a positive relationship between the exploitation of information sources and firm size. Research limitations/implications – Findings are taken from the Portuguese context, with its own idiosyncratic economic structure and climate. Generalisations should therefore be made with caution. Practical implications – As the “size effect” influences the propensity for environmental scanning, SMEs are urged to adopt inter-firm strategies in order to achieve a critical mass. The importance of building scanning and information networks among SMEs must be highlighted. Originality/value – Research on environmental scanning in SMEs and comparative studies of the firm size effect have been relatively scarce. The findings reveal that firm size matters, insofar as the use of different scanning practices and information sources mostly augments with increasing firm size.