cE3c - Artigos em Revistas Nacionais
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- Quantificação e cartografia da extensão de inundação costeira em Bissau, Guiné-Bissau: perspetiva em cenário de alterações climáticasPublication . Fandé, M. B.; Ponte Lira, C.; Antunes, C.; Penha-Lopes, GilCoastal flooding (CF), enhanced by climate change, is one of the most significant impacts of sea level rise (SLR). Bissau city, home to ~25% of Guinea-Bissau population is already affected by CF due to tides and storms. It is anticipated that the situation will deteriorate in coming decades with the expected scenarios of SLR. This article evaluated the vulnerability to coastal flooding of Bissau, using the single-value model, which considers two variables: inundation value and a topographic surface. The inundation value, here referred as total water level (TWL) was estimated by the sum of three vertical components: astronomical tide (AT), storm surge (SS) and the SLR estimation for the considered scenario. Thus, the inundation extension was quantified and mapped using a TWL estimated for the year 2100, and a high-precision global Digital Elevation Model (DEM – TanDEM-X) of the Bissau region. The results indicate that the land potentially to be flooded corresponds to 29.3% of the study area (94.9 km²). The Southwest zone of Bissau presents greater exposure to flooding, due to its low altitude. Also, the disorderly anthropogenic occupation of flooded lands, makes these areas more vulnerable in a climate change scenario.
- Legacy of the scientific collections of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, University of Lisbon: a critical review and outlookPublication . Casanova, Conceição; Romeiras, Maria M.The Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, University of Lisbon (IICT), Portugal, holds the most important scientific collections from Portuguese-speaking African countries, which include anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic, mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections, as well as libraries and historical archives. The aim of this paper is to document the advances in conservation and management of IICT collections between 2005 and 2015, namely how the implementation of institutional initiatives created new challenges for the scientific community. After an overview of the IICT's scientific heritage since the creation of the Cartography Commission in 1883, we characterise several recent actions aimed at preserving and providing access to the collections. Considerations on the current preservation of the IICT collections are presented. It is argued that these collections are unique for tropical science and of critical importance for scientific cooperation with Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa.
- Plant data survey in Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal): an updatePublication . Fontinha, Susana; Andrade, Sara; Pinheiro de Carvalho, Miguel A. A.The present contribution updates BORGES et al. (2008)’s “A list of the terrestrial fungi, flora and fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos”. Since then, and until the summer of 2019, 131 new taxa were cited, namely 30 bryophytes, one pteridophyte and 100 spermatophytes. Based on the compilation of written and unpublished information about the diversity of terrestrial plants cited for Porto Santo, the present work lists 696 taxa, including 134 bryophytes, 13 pteridophytes and 549 spermatophytes. Two species of mosses, Sematophyllum substrumulosum (Hampe) E. Britton and Tortula lanceolata R. H. Zander are recorded for the first time from Porto Santo, corresponding to material collected in 2018. Additionally, 12 species of spermatophytes, all cultivated, are referred for the first time to the island. Two species of pteridophytes, Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. and Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook are proposed to be considered extinct.
- O CASO CLIMADAPT.LOCAL: CAPACITAÇÃO E AÇÃO CLIMÁTICA EM PORTUGALPublication . Guerra, João Francisco; Luísa Schmidt, Luísa; Penha-Lopes, GilIn an era where climate change gained relevance and caused the highest levels of social awareness, the main objective of ClimAdaPT.Local project valued the integration of the climate dimension in municipal planning processes. Based on a questionnaire survey applied in three consecutive rounds throughout the project, this article focuses on the responses of a group of municipal officers who, together with the ClimAdaPT.Local team, developed Municipal Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change. With the focus on the respondents' evolution concerning acquisition of knowledge, mobilization and awareness, and capacity building throughout the project, the main conclusions will be presented here.
- Medidas de mitigação e adaptação à erosão costeira e aos efeitos das alterações climáticasPublication . Lima, Márcia; Moreira Alves, Filipe; Marto, Marco; Coelho, CarlosO projeto INCCA (Adaptação Integrada às Alterações Climáticas para Comunidades Resilientes) tem por objetivo promover uma abordagem que integre a adaptação às alterações climáticas e a mitigação da erosão costeira em perspetivas de curto, médio e longo-prazo. A adaptação e mitigação deve considerar as dimensões social, ambiental, económica e de engenharia, para ajudar os órgãos de decisão a conceber planos de ação para implementação de estratégias de adaptação às alterações climáticas sustentáveis e duradouras. É um projeto com uma componente participativa, que pretende envolver as populações locais e stakeholders através da realização de workshops de forma a desenvolver um modelo participativo e económico, reduzindo a vulnerabilidade dos territórios costeiros e aumentando a resiliência das comunidades locais. Este trabalho apresenta uma componente do projeto INCCA, cujo objetivo inicial corresponde ao desenvolvimento de um manual de medidas de mitigação e adaptação à erosão costeira e às alterações climáticas, de aplicação transversal a todas as zonas costeiras de características arenosas sedimentares. Esta compilação, identificação e caracterização de medidas é um processo dinâmico, que no âmbito do projeto INCCA, conta com o envolvimento das comunidades locais e stakeholders, através da realização de workshops participativos realizados no concelho de Ovar (caso de estudo do projeto) e apresenta neste momento 53 medidas. A listagem das medidas de mitigação e adaptação à erosão costeira e às alterações climáticas, bem como, cada uma das 53 fichas individuais já construídas, estão disponíveis online (http://incca.web.ua.pt/) e podem ser consultadas e comentadas.
- PLANT COMMUNITIES OF NAMIBE SALTMARSHES (SOUTHWEST OF ANGOLA)Publication . Cardoso, João Francisco; Costa, José Carlos; da Silva Neto, Carlos; Duarte, Maria Cristina; Monteiro-Henriques, TiagoThis work constitutes the first phytosociological analysis of saltmarshes on the Angolan coast. Sixty-five relevés were carried out resulting in the description of six new plant associations. These saltmarshes are characterized by a lower floristic richness when compared to the Holarctic saltmarshes. Eighteen taxa were identified, some of them succulent. Saltmarshes occur from the mouth of the Cunene River to the Cuanza River, although in this last part they are already very impoverished. In the Cuanza river, saltmar shes occupy only a narrow strip in the inner sector of the mangroves in contact with conti nental ecosystems and are often made up of just one taxon, Sarcocornia natalensis subsp. affinis. Mangroves reach their southern limit in the city of Lobito, although they are almost extinct there. The occurrence and distribution of saltmarshes are affected by the Cold Ben guela Current, that influences the west coast of Africa between Cabo da Boa Esperança and Benguela. The height of the saltmarsh’s platforms colonized by halophyte, sub-halophyte or halotolerant plants determines the flooding period and thus the plant community’s floristic composition. Soil granulometry also plays an important role in the spatial organization of plant communities. One of the main originalities of Angolan saltmarshes is the predomi nance of fine sandy or sandy-loam soil texture as a consequence of the proximity of the Namibe desert. The PCA segregated the different plant communities described.
- Towards a necessary regenerative urban planning. Insights from community-led initiatives for ecocity transformationPublication . Crowley, Duncan; Marat-Mendes, Teresa; Falanga, Roberto; Henfrey, Thomas; Penha-Lopes, GilThis article suggests that to adequately tackle climate breakdown, urban planning needs to move beyond sustainability to incorporate regenerative development frameworks. Key to this is activating and increasing citizen participation in a fractallike, multi scaled, community-led, bottom up planning process, where active citizens design, construct and are part of the futures they desire for their territories. 2019’s declarations of climate emergency show that decades of sustainable development have not worked. The Sustainable Development Goals are a positive step, but sustainability’s dependence on economic growth is problematic. Recognising Earth’s limits, this article builds on degrowth ideas and doughnut economic frameworks to examine the role of community-led urban transitions in catalysing a regenerative world, where ecocities are the normative goal of contemporary cities. Challenges in scaling the Global Ecovillage Network’s process to large cities are identified and some radical governance experiments examined. Attempting to bridge activism and academia, a transdisciplinary participative action research method is used to develop a Communities of Practice ecosystem to support an eco-social just transition. This work contributes to the European Network for Community-Led Initiatives on Climate Change and Sustainability, ECOLISE, the Horizon 2020 project UrbanA investigating Sustainable and Just Cities, and the Communities for Future action platform enabling translocal communities to connect, co-create a knowledge commons and help shape policy. Insights from Lisbon are examined with three community-led initiatives; Bela Flor, Ajuda and Marvila. These processes are still at the margins, but could soon become core activities of regenerative urban planning. Re-Making our cities is everyone’s business.
- The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits in determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a reviewPublication . MacMillan, Phoebe; Teixeira, Generosa; Lopes, Carlos M.; Monteiro, AnaWorldwide, there are thousands of Vitis vinifera grape cultivars used for wine production, creating a large morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular diversity that needs to be further characterised and explored, with a focus on their capacity to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can then be used to select better adapted genotypes in order to help face the challenges of the expected climate changes in the near future. It will also assist grape growers in choosing the most suitable cultivar(s) for each terroir; with adaptation to drought and heat stresses being a fundamental characteristic. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed organ to abiotic stresses, therefore its study regarding the tolerance to water and heat stress is becoming particularly important, mainly in Mediterranean viticulture. This review focuses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, leaf epidermis characteristics (cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata) and anatomy of mesophyll - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses. V. vinifera xylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to water stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in responses to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk are also reviewed. Summarising, this paper reviews recent advances related to the adaptation of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses, mainly water and heat stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate.
- O vírus da GripePublication . Nogueira, Teresa; Ponce, RitaA gripe é uma doença respiratória aguda, geralmente benigna, mas que pode no entanto ter grande impacto em termos de saúde pública, tanto pela sua morbilidade e mortali- dade, como a nível da economia da Saúde1. Esta doença é causada por vírus da família Orthomyxoviridae que circulam nas populações humanas e animais. A gripe é uma doen- ça sazonal que ocorre mais frequentemente nas regiões do globo onde é inverno, poden- do ocorrer esporadicamente durante todo o ano nas regiões tropicais2. O vírus da gripe é constituído por várias moléculas de RNA contendo informação genética para a síntese de novos vírus, protegidas por uma estrutura de natureza proteica e lipídica. Tal como todos os outros tipos de vírus, biologicamente, são considerados parasitas intracelulares obri- gatórios, pois dependem da célula hospedeira em termos energéticos e fisiológicos para a produção de novos vírus descendentes.
- A gripePublication . Ponce, Rita; Nogueira, TeresaA gripe é uma doença respiratória infeciosa causada por vírus da família Orthomyxoviri- dae. É uma doença sazonal, mais frequente no outono e no inverno que se caracteriza por: mal-estar e cansaço, febre alta, dores musculares, articulares e de cabeça, tosse seca e inflamação dos olhos1. Ocasionalmente surgem epidemias de gripe devido ao facto de este vírus evoluir rapidamente e de se transmitir facilmente por via aérea através de gotí- culas, tornando a sua prevenção um desafio. O estudo dos surtos ao longo dos anos tem permitido o desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a gripe.