Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-06-15"
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- A associação interamericana de defensorias públicas na Corte interamericana: tensões no papel da comissão interamericana e a duplicidade de interesse de competênciaPublication . Silva, Carlos Eduardo Barros da; Fonseca, Rui Guerra daO objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos que tiveram a participação dos (as) Defensores (as) Públicos (as) Interamericanos (as) e o exercício do seu relevante papel defensivo e de representação das vítimas dentro do Sistema Interamericano e o consequente fortalecimento e desenvolvimento da jurisprudência internacional de proteção dos Direitos Humanos no continente americano. Também se busca determinar o papel de ombudsman da Comissão Interamericana no processamento dos casos internacionais, explicitar a instituição internacional Defensoria Pública Interamericana, sua origem, objetivos, funções e os convênios de cooperação atualmente válidos. Ademais, também é abordado o princípio da paridade/igualdade de armas no plano internacional com uma análise doutrinária e evolução do seu entendimento pelos Tribunais de proteção internacional Europeu e Americano.
- O vírus da GripePublication . Nogueira, Teresa; Ponce, RitaA gripe é uma doença respiratória aguda, geralmente benigna, mas que pode no entanto ter grande impacto em termos de saúde pública, tanto pela sua morbilidade e mortali- dade, como a nível da economia da Saúde1. Esta doença é causada por vírus da família Orthomyxoviridae que circulam nas populações humanas e animais. A gripe é uma doen- ça sazonal que ocorre mais frequentemente nas regiões do globo onde é inverno, poden- do ocorrer esporadicamente durante todo o ano nas regiões tropicais2. O vírus da gripe é constituído por várias moléculas de RNA contendo informação genética para a síntese de novos vírus, protegidas por uma estrutura de natureza proteica e lipídica. Tal como todos os outros tipos de vírus, biologicamente, são considerados parasitas intracelulares obri- gatórios, pois dependem da célula hospedeira em termos energéticos e fisiológicos para a produção de novos vírus descendentes.
- Promising Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Threats in Europe and ChinaPublication . Barão, Lúcia; Alaoui, Abdallah; Ferreira, Carla; Basch, Gottlieb; Schwilch, Gudrun; Geissen, V; Sukkel, Wijnand; Lemesle, Julie; Garcia-Orenes, Fuensanta; Morugán-Coronado, Alicia; Mataix-Solera, Jorge; Kosmas, Costas; Glavan, Matjaž; Pintar, Marina; Szabó, Brigitta; Hermann, Tamás; Vizitiu, Olga P.; Lipiec, Jerzy; Reintam, Endla; Xu, Minggang; Di, Jiaying; Fan, Hongzhu; Wang, FeiAdvising farmers on the best agricultural management practices (AMP) to be adopted in order to sustain agricultural productivity while improving soil quality is mandatory to assure future food production. Some promising AMPs have been suggested over the time to prevent soil degradation. These practices have been randomly adopted by farmers but which ones are mostly used by farmers and where they have been applied remains unclear. As part of the iSQAPER project—Interactive Soil Quality Assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Resilience—we (1) mapped the current distribution of previously selected 18 promising AMPs in several pedoclimatic regions and farming systems along Europe and China, based on ten and four study site areas (SSA), respectively; and (2) identified the soil threats occurring in those areas. In each SSA, farmers using promising AMPs were identified and questionnaires were used to assess farmer’s perception on soil threats in their fields. For this study, 138 plots/farms were identified in Europe (112) and China (26). Results show that most widely used promising AMPs in Europe are crop rotation (15%), manuring and composting (15%), and min-till (14%), whereas in China are manuring and composting (18%), residue maintenance (18%), and integrated pest and disease management (12%). In Europe, soil erosion is the main threat in agricultural Mediterranean areas, while soil-borne pests and diseases are more frequent in the SSAs from France and the Netherlands. In China, soil erosion, SOM decline, compaction, and poor soil structure are among the main farmers’ concerns. This research provides relevant information for policy-makers and the development of strategies to support and promote agricultural management practices with benefits for soil quality.
- A gripePublication . Ponce, Rita; Nogueira, TeresaA gripe é uma doença respiratória infeciosa causada por vírus da família Orthomyxoviri- dae. É uma doença sazonal, mais frequente no outono e no inverno que se caracteriza por: mal-estar e cansaço, febre alta, dores musculares, articulares e de cabeça, tosse seca e inflamação dos olhos1. Ocasionalmente surgem epidemias de gripe devido ao facto de este vírus evoluir rapidamente e de se transmitir facilmente por via aérea através de gotí- culas, tornando a sua prevenção um desafio. O estudo dos surtos ao longo dos anos tem permitido o desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a gripe.
- A revised bird checklist for the oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé and Annobón)Publication . F. De Lima, Ricardo; Melo, MartimWe present an updated bird checklist for the oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea. Their avifauna comprises 146 confirmed species, an increase of 19% in 15 years. Of these, 66 are resident landbird species (32 on Príncipe, 50 on São Tomé and 11 on Annobón), including 29 endemic species, 17 endemic subspecies and 17 possibly non-native species. The remaining avifauna consists of six breeding seabird species, four non-breeding migrants, 62 vagrants and eight species of uncertain status. An additional 51 species have been reported but lack confirmation. Most recent changes reflect increases in observer activity and involve vagrant and unconfirmed species, but a few result from previously overlooked historical records and taxonomic changes. Of the three islands, most changes affected the avifauna of Príncipe, whereas little new information has come from Annobón. Future changes are predicted to arise from new reports and confirmation of vagrants, but also from further taxonomic revision of residents.
- Impact of the human Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (hGAAP/TMBIM4) in Glioblastoma progressionPublication . Martins, Marta Filipa Malheiro; Saraiva, Nuno Ricardo de Almeida; Gomes, Edgar Rodrigues AlmeidaThe progression and severity of gliomas are strongly associated with their ability to spread and invade other tissues. Along with drug targeting constraints, the high level of heterogeneity hampers the development of broad therapeutic strategies. Several members of the Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor Motif-containing (TMBIM) family of transmembrane proteins can modulate various cellular processes central to cancer progression. These include apoptosis resistance, promotion of cell motility, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and changes in the cellular metabolic status. This works aims at exploring the impact of members of this family of proteins on glioma progression. Gene expression (mRNA) and patient survival bioinformatics analysis was performed, using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), CGGA (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas), and Ivy GAP (Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project) databases. Four glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells lines (8-MG, U- 87MG, U251 e GL15) were used as models. To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of TMBIM4 upregulation of TMBIM4 in glioma progression, cells were transfected with TMBIM4-specific siRNAs. Two- and three-dimensional cell invasion were assessed by ECM-coated transwell and ECM-embedded spheroid assays, respectively. Gene expression analysis indicated that the level of most TMBIMs mRNAs is dysregulated in gliomas. Particularly, TMBIM1, 4 and 6 are upregulated in GBM when compared with normal tissues. The increased expression of TMBIM1, 4 and 6 positively is associated with glioma grade. All three genes are overexpressed in the mesenchymal and neural GBM subtypes. Laser-dissected GBM tissue analysis (Ivy GAP) confirmed the increased levels of TMBIM1 and 4 in the cellular tumour vs tumour edge. Importantly, high levels of TMBIM1 and 4 are associated with a significant reduction in the survival of low-grade glioma patients but not of GBM patients. These data suggest a possible role for TMBIM1 and 4 in glioma progression. The downregulation of TMBIM4 provoked a strong inhibition of 2D cell invasion in three GBM cell lines tested (U-87MG, U251, GL 15), without affecting cell viability. TMBIM4 knock-down also leads to a robust reduction of 3D cell invasion in U87 cells. U87 cells with reduced TMBIM4 expression have a smaller size and an increased number of cell protrusions when compared with control cells. Ongoing studies aim at evaluating the effect of TMBIM4 expression in glioma in vivo invasion and at dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, data is presented that support further exploration of TMBIM1 and TMBIM4 as potential novel markers for glioma progression. Thus, contributing to the refinement of glioma diagnosis and possibly to the development of new therapeutic strategies