Browsing by Author "Torreggiani, Valerio"
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- Authoritarianism and financial capitalism in twentieth-century Europe: an introductionPublication . Torreggiani, Valerio; Cardoso, José Luís
- Capitalismo e regime fascista: dibattiti e prospettive di ricercaPublication . Astore, Marianna; Torreggiani, ValerioDespite extensive work in Italian historiography from the 1950s to the 1970s, the relationship between capitalism and the fascist regime has been somewhat neglected in recent decades. This article aims to reframe and place the issue back at the centre of the discussion. After reviewing prior Italian studies and the most recent international literature on the history of capitalism, it presents insights from new articles investigating how economic relations were shaped by the regime’s political context, and how fascism’s economic policy was influenced by specific lobbying groups during the 1920s and 1930s. Lastly, it proposes four research perspectives for looking at the relations between capitalism and the fascist regime, emphasizing the need for a deeper analysis of the dynamics between politics, interest groups and social classes; the influence of the international context on the Italian economy; the role of economists and economic theory; and the overlooked role of industrial and financial groups during the Salò Republic and the Second World War.
- Capitalismo e regime. Classi sociali e gruppi d'interesse nell'Italia fascistaPublication . Astore, Marianna; Torreggiani, Valerio
- Compromessi bancari. Stabilizzazione e regolamentazione del credito nell'Italia fascista, 1926-1929Publication . Torreggiani, ValerioThe article analyses the legislative process of the Banking Act of 1926 and its subsequent application between 1926 and 1929. The main objective is twofold. First, the essay aims to highlight the roles played by different centres of political and economic power in defining the new banking law. Second, the article aims to reflect on the significance of the reform within the establishment and strengthening of the fascist dictatorship after 1925. To achieve this, the paper examines the negotiations that took place between Giuseppe Volpi, the Minister of Finance, Bonaldo Stringher, the General Director of the Bank of Italy, and the Confederazione Bancaria Fascista, led by Giuseppe Bianchini, on some key points of banking regulations. In the conclusion, some reflections are offered on the role of the reform within the process of constructing the authoritarian fascist State in the second half of the 1920s and how it reflects the structural characteristics of the post-1925 bloc of economic and political power in Italy.
- Corporatism in Early Twentieth-Century Britain: Three Alternatives for a Post-Liberal OrderPublication . Torreggiani, ValerioThis article engages with the most recent literature on the global circulation of corporatist projects, discussing three reform schemes elaborated in Britain during the first half of the twentieth century – G.D.H. Cole's guild socialism, Dudley Docker's technocratic business parliament and Harold Macmillan's conservative industrial self-government. Overcoming the often too rigid equivalences between corporatism and fascism, this article seeks to ascertain to what extent and with what nuances corporatist ideas circulated among non-fascist political circles in Britain. It is argued that the schemes analysed shared a similar corporatist matrix, which nonetheless served as the core idea of different political strategies. In the conclusions, it is claimed that these dissimilarities are consequential to the degree of adherence to the principles of capitalism, i.e. the profit-earning motive and the private ownership of the means of production, as well as to the democratic level of the institutions proposed.
- Giving credit to dictatorship: authoritarian regimes and financial capitalism in Europe during the twentieth centuryPublication . Torreggiani, Valerio; Cardoso, José Luís
- Moneta e regime. Bonaldo Stringher e le riforme economiche del fascismo negli anni VentiPublication . Torreggiani, ValerioThe article aims at analyzing the cultural and economic education of the general director of the Bank of Italy Bonaldo Stringher in relation to the banking and monetary reforms enacted by the Fascist regime between 1926 and 1928. In this way, the essay intends to highlight that the centrality acquired by the Bank of Italy as regards banking supervision and banknote emission was counterbalanced by a relative marginalization from the most important decisions of political economy and by the lack of substantial independence from the Fascist regime
- Pluralism, Tripartism and the Foundation of the International Labour OrganizationPublication . Torreggiani, ValerioOn the 8th of June 2018, the 107th International Labour Conference concluded its annual works adopting seven different resolutions. Among them, with the Resolution concerning the second recurrent discussion on social dialogue and tripartism the delegates gathered in Geneva reaffirmed and reinforced one of the founding principles of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its ideology. The text of the resolution reported that “social dialogue and tripartism are essential for democracy and good governance” within a society where “free, independent, strong and representative employers’ and workers’ organizations, together with trust, commitment and respect by the governments for autonomy of the social partners and social dialogue outcomes are key conditions for effective social dialogue” (ILO 2018, 1). Therefore—the resolution concluded—“the tripartite constituents renew and reaffirm their commitment to promote and apply the principles of social dialogue and tripartism” (ILO 2018, 1). One year later, marking the centenary anniversary of the ILO, the 108th International Labour Conference approved the ILO Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work, once again re-stating the fact that “social dialogue, including collective bargaining and tripartite cooperation, provides an essential foundation of all ILO action” (ILO 2019, 5).
- Review of Branko Milanovic, "Capitalism, Alone"Publication . Torreggiani, Valerio
- The bank of Italy goes to war: financing fascist warfare, 1936-1943Publication . Astore, Marianna; Perugini, Mario; Torreggiani, Valerio