Browsing by Author "Soares, Filipa"
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- Adapting whilst recovering: Local responses to the 2017 wildfires in PortugalPublication . Soares, Filipa; Schmidt, Luísa; Delicado, AnaIn recent decades, wildfires have become increasingly frequent and destructive worldwide. To tackle them, a shift in wildfire governance has been advocated: from fighting fire towards a ‘coexisting with fire’ strategy that emphasises fostering long-term, community-led transformations to reduce wildfire risk. This topic has received scant attention, particularly in Southern Europe, a region also grappling with land abandonment and an ageing, dwindling population. This article explores how such transformations unfold at the local level by exploring ten local responses to the catastrophic 2017 wildfires in Portugal, which caused over a hundred casualties and countless damages. Using a collective case study approach and qualitative research methods, the article analyses the practices, motivations, opportunities, and challenges underpinning four groups of initiatives: creating defensible areas around villages, reforesting communal land, goat grazing, and water infrastructures. These aim to simultaneously enhance security, reduce wildfire risk, and revitalise local economies and ecologies. Key elements facilitating these transformations include leadership, particularly by newcomers and local mayors, external funding, and volunteer work. However, challenges such as financial constraints, social conflicts, and land fragmentation challenge the sustainability of these efforts. While context-specific, our analysis suggests that the post-wildfire recovery phase can catalyse significant socioecological transformations in depopulated rural areas of Southern Europe, highlighting the need for further research to support communities in reducing wildfire risk. Ultimately, the study reveals how transforming landscapes and restoring practices of care might bring into being safer, more liveable, less flammable futures in devitalised rural areas amidst the growing threat of wildfires.
- Algebraic aspects of tiling semigroupsPublication . Soares, Filipa; Cunha, Gracinda, 1956-; McAlister, Donald B., 1940-This thesis is devoted to the algebraic study of tiling semigroups, in the context of inverse semigroup theory. Tiling semigroups were originally motivated by the work of Johannes Kellendonk [23], in connection with a problem in solid state physics, formulated in terms of almost-groupoids by the same author in [24], and established by Kellendonk and Mark V. Lawson in [26] and Lawson in [32]. Since then, quite a lot of research has been done on this subject, mainly regarding tilings of the real line. In this dissertation, we aimed at furthering the study of one-dimensional tiling semigroups and extending the theory concerning this class to a special type of n-dimensional tilings, named n-dimensional hypercubic tilings. Following the tradition initiated by Lawson in [33], we often conduct our investigations in the more general setting of an inverse semigroup associated with a factorial language. The first three chapters are essentially introductory. In Chapter 1, we recall some selected background material; in Chapter 2, we present and investigate a construction, called generalized Bruck-Reilly extension, which will clarify the connection between hypercubic tiling semigroups and Bruck-Reilly extensions; in Chapter 3, we define all the concepts involved in the construction of the tiling semigroup, give a complete review on the research conducted on this subject, and introduce the notion of n-dimensional hypercubic tiling. In Chapter 4, we introduce the notions of language of an n-dimensional hypercubic tiling and of n-dimensional factorial language with the purpose of generalizing to n-dimensional hypercubic tiling semigroups a convenient representation of one-dimensional tiling semigroups in terms of a language associated with the tiling introduced by Lawson in [32]. We also present another representation of an n-dimensional hypercubic tiling semigroup as a Rees factor semigroup of a subsemigroup of a generalized Bruck-Reilly extension. In Chapter 5, we develop a description of a tiling semigroup, both one-dimensional and hypercubic, as a P -semigroup; in Chapter 6, we compute a presentation for one-dimensional tilings semigroups and discuss some aspects of the presentability of n-dimensional hypercubic tiling semigroups; in Chapter 7, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for hypercubic tilings to give rise to isomorphic tiling semigroups.
- Distinguishing between mitigation and adaptation as wildfire prevention actionsPublication . Canadas, Maria João; Leal, Miguel; Soares, Filipa; Novais, Ana; Ribeiro, Paulo Flores; Delicado, Ana; Bergonse, Rafaello; Oliveira, Sandra; Moreira, Francisco; Schmidt, Luísa; Santos, José LimaThere is actually a broad consensus over the need to shift from fire suppression to fire prevention strategies. To inform policies that effectively promote this shift, we distinguish between actions aimed at more fire-resilient landscapes and those focused on the protection of people, i.e., wildfire mitigation and adaptation (WM&A), respectively. With the goal of discussing the usefulness of this distinction and identifying local factors and external resources that promote preventive actions, we developed an analysis of collective WM&A actions across 116 parishes in a wildfire-prone region in Portugal, Pinhal Interior. Two principal component analyses were used to explore relationships between variables expressing collective WM&A actions. Random forest was used to model how those actions are related to local factors (land use/land cover, population, institutions) and external resources for wildfire prevention. Our results showed that collective mitigation and adaptation responses to wildfire are independent, in coherence with their distinct goals, actors involved, and policy domains. Mitigation through owners’ collaboration proved to be strongly related to policy funding, local economic dynamism and demographic vitality, unlike community adaptation. In fact, adaptation responses from the local governments and the very few existing residents’ collaboratives are very incipient. We conclude, on one hand, that mitigation and adaptation actions are currently supported by two unequally consolidated policy domains and, on the other hand, that both domains are equally underfunded, namely because of the difficulties in expanding owner collaboratives beyond favorable local conditions, i.e., in socioeconomically depressed regions.
- Renascer das cinzas: respostas das comunidades locais aos incêndios florestais de 2017 no Pinhal InteriorPublication . Soares, Filipa; Delicado, Ana; Schmidt, LuísaEste Research Brief analisa dez respostas comunitárias im- plementadas entre 2017 e 2021 por comunidades locais, associações locais e/ou autarquias locais, ao nível da paisa- gem, na região do Pinhal Interior.
- Terras de sol e de vento: dinâmicas sociotécnicas e aceitação social das energias renováveis em PortugalPublication . Delicado, Ana; Truninger, Mónica; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Silva, Luís; Junqueira, Luís; Horta, Ana; Fonseca, Susana; Soares, Filipa
- Wildfire mitigation and adaptation: Two locally independent actions supported by different policy domainsPublication . Canadas, Maria João; Leal, Miguel; Soares, Filipa; Novais, Ana; Ribeiro, Paulo Flores; Schmidt, Luísa; Delicado, Ana; Moreira, Francisco; Bergonse, Rafaello; Oliveira, Sandra; Madeira, Paulo Miguel; Santos, José LimaThere is a broad consensus in the academic and policy communities over the need to shift the focus from fire suppression to fire prevention. To inform policies that effectively promote this shift, we distinguish between prevention actions aimed at more fire-resilient landscapes and those focused on the protection of people, i.e., wildfire mitigation and adaptation (WM&A), respectively. With the goal of discussing the usefulness of this distinction and identifying local factors and external resources that promote each of those preventive actions, we developed an analysis of collective WM&A actions across 116 parishes in a wildfire-prone region in Portugal, using primary and secondary data. Two principal component analyses were used to explore relationships between variables expressing collective WM&A actions. Random forest, a machine learning technique based on multiple decision trees, was used to model how those actions are related to local factors (land use/land cover, population, institutions) and access to policy funding for wildfire prevention. Our results showed that collective mitigation and adaptation responses to wildfire are locally independent, in coherence with their distinct goals, actors involved, and institutional and policy framing. Mitigation through owners’ collaboration proved to be strongly related to policy funding (notably that exclusively addressed at mitigation), local socioeconomic dynamism, and ownership structure, whereas adaptation responses are related with leadership by local governments. Considering these differences, the incipiency of adaptation actions, and the difficulties in expanding owner’s collaboratives beyond the most favourable local conditions, we conclude that mitigation and adaptation actions are currently supported by two distinct policy domains with unequal consolidation but equally underfunded.
- Wildfire mitigation and adaptation: Two locally independent actions supported by different policy domainsPublication . Canadas, Maria João; Leal, Miguel; Soares, Filipa; Novais, Ana; Ribeiro, Paulo Flores; Schmidt, Luísa; Delicado, Ana; Moreira, Francisco; Bergonse, Rafaello; Oliveira, Sandra; Madeira, Paulo Miguel; Santos, José LimaThere is a broad consensus in the academic and policy communities over the need to shift the focus from fire suppression to fire prevention. To inform policies that effectively promote this shift, we distinguish between prevention actions aimed at more fire-resilient landscapes and those focused on the protection of people, i.e., wildfire mitigation and adaptation (WM&A), respectively. With the goal of discussing the usefulness of this distinction and identifying local factors and external resources that promote each of those preventive actions, we developed an analysis of collective WM&A actions across 116 parishes in a wildfire-prone region in Portugal, using primary and secondary data. Two principal component analyses were used to explore relationships between variables expressing collective WM&A actions. Random forest, a machine learning technique based on multiple decision trees, was used to model how those actions are related to local factors (land use/land cover, population, institutions) and access to policy funding for wildfire prevention. Our results showed that collective mitigation and adaptation responses to wildfire are locally independent, in coherence with their distinct goals, actors involved, and institutional and policy framing. Mitigation through owners’ collaboration proved to be strongly related to policy funding (notably that exclusively addressed at mitigation), local socioeconomic dynamism, and ownership structure, whereas adaptation responses are related with leadership by local governments. Considering these differences, the incipiency of adaptation actions, and the difficulties in expanding owner’s collaboratives beyond the most favourable local conditions, we conclude that mitigation and adaptation actions are currently supported by two distinct policy domains with unequal consolidation but equally underfunded
- Wildfire mitigation and adaptation: two locally independent actions supported by different policy domainsPublication . Canadas, Maria João; Leal, Miguel; Soares, Filipa; Novais, Ana; Ribeiro, Paulo Flores; Schmidt, Luísa; Delicado, Ana; Moreira, Francisco; Bergonse, Rafaello; Oliveira, Sandra; Madeira, Paulo Miguel; Santos, José LimaThere is a broad consensus in the academic and policy communities over the need to shift the focus from fire suppression to fire prevention. To inform policies that effectively promote this shift, we distinguish between prevention actions aimed at more fire-resilient landscapes and those focused on the protection of people, i.e., wildfire mitigation and adaptation (WM&A), respectively. With the goal of discussing the usefulness of this distinction and identifying local factors and external resources that promote each of those preventive actions, we developed an analysis of collective WM&A actions across 116 parishes in a wildfire-prone region in Portugal, using primary and secondary data. Two principal component analyses were used to explore relationships between variables expressing collective WM&A actions. Random forest, a machine learning technique based on multiple decision trees, was used to model how those actions are related to local factors (land use/land cover, population, institutions) and access to policy funding for wildfire prevention. Our results showed that collective mitigation and adaptation responses to wildfire are locally independent, in coherence with their distinct goals, actors involved, and institutional and policy framing. Mitigation through owners’ collaboration proved to be strongly related to policy funding (notably that exclusively addressed at mitigation), local socioeconomic dynamism, and ownership structure, whereas adaptation responses are related with leadership by local governments. Considering these differences, the incipiency of adaptation actions, and the difficulties in expanding owner’s collaboratives beyond the most favourable local conditions, we conclude that mitigation and adaptation actions are currently supported by two distinct policy domains with unequal consolidation but equally underfunded.