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- Discourses about Fake News, Conspiracies and Counterknowledge in SpainPublication . Fernández-García, Belén; Salgado, SusanaThis research addresses the role of populist parties as disinformation agents. It specifically focuses on their use of Twitter to challenge the traditional authorities of knowledge and sources of information. The analysis relies on a content analysis of tweets to identify 1) the strategies employed to contest the “truth”; 2) the alternative sources of knowledge and information proposed; 3) the specific issues mentioned in those tweets and used to substantiate such strategies. Our findings confirm the relevance of these discourses and strategies in the populist parties’ tweets and particularly in the radical right.
- The Ethnic Heritage of Party Politics and Political Communication in Lusophone African CountriesPublication . Salgado, Susana; Biscaia, AfonsoThe processes through which ethnicity becomes visible are varied, and its impacts have not always been the same throughout history. Investigating the roles ethnicity played in Angolan, Mozambican, Cape Verdean, and São Tomé and Principean histories makes clear that colonizers themselves placed different emphases on the relevance and the role of ethnicity in these countries. Currently, partly due to the traumas engendered by decades of conflict in Angola and Mozambique, ethnicity is mostly a silent factor, operating in the ways people interact with one another but not overtly mentioned by politicians. The insular nations’ (Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe) history with ethnicity is different from that of their continental counterparts, – partly due to the influence of Creoleness – but is not devoid of tensions; nevertheless, politicians from both archipelagic countries tend to downplay the influence of ethnicity, even if its effects can also be occasionally but subtly felt. More recently, mainstream political discourses focused on the idea of the “unitary nation” are being paired with those of spontaneous movements advocating the valorization of local cultures and languages, which are being boosted by the use of social media.
- Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: probing the content, spread and implications of fake news about Lula da SilvaPublication . Dourado, Tatiana; Salgado, SusanaThis research scrutinizes the content, spread, and implications of disinformation in Brazil’s 2018 pre-election period. It focuses specifically on the most widely shared fake news about Lula da Silva and links these with the preexisting polarization and political radicalization, ascertaining the role of context. The research relied on a case study and mixed-methods approach that combined an online data collection of content, spread, propagators, and interactions’ analyses, with in-depth analysis of the meaning of such fake news. The results show that the most successful fake news about Lula capitalized on prior hostility toward him, several originated or were spread by conservative right-wing politicians and mainstream journalists, and that the pro-Lula fake news circulated in smaller networks and had overall less global reach. Facebook and WhatsApp were the main dissemination platforms of these contents.
- Enhancing Self-Perceived Disinformation Identification in Democracy: The Impact of Fact-Checking Integration into Daily News Consumption PracticesPublication . Goyanes, Manuel; Lee, Sangwon; Salgado, Susana; Gil de Zúñiga, HomeroThe rise of political disinformation poses a substantial threat to demo-cratic societies, with the potential to erode well-informed decision-making and hinder effective policy formulation. While existingresearch typically concentrates on experimental exposures to fact-checking, a significant research gap remains regarding how the inte-gration of fact-checking into daily news consumption routines con-tributes to self-perceived levels of disinformation identification. Thisstudy addresses this gap by examining the role of various mediaconsumption platforms in facilitating fact-checking practices andtheir potential to mitigate misperceptions. Findings from a two-wavepanel survey in Spain (N = 570) suggest that news consumption alonedoes not directly improve self-perceived levels of disinformation iden-tification. Instead, it indirectly facilitates recognition by encouragingthe adoption of fact-checking practices. The study concludes thatcitizens’ self-perceived ability to identify disinformation is enhancedwhen news consumption across platforms is complemented by fact-checking practices.
- Assessing the prevalence and predictors of incivility in online news comments across six countriesPublication . Salgado, Susana; Zúñiga, Homero Gil; Silva, Pedro Alcântara da; Biscaia, Afonso; Coimbra, Miguel E.; Martins, Bruno; Francisco, AlexandreDrawing on discussions about the manifestation of incivility in online news comments sections, our research operationalizes the concept of incivility and suggests a methodological approach that relies on manual and automated text analysis and regression analysis to assess its prevalence and identify its predictors. Relying on a data analysis of over two million comments on immigration and unemployment retrieved from twelve newspapers websites from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States), our study confirms the prevalence of incivility in online news comments sections and shows that comments on the topic of immigration, with clear political orientation, particularly right-wing, and displaying populism and false information perception are more prone to include discursive features of incivility.
- Intercultural New MediaPublication . Mutsvairo, Bruce; Salgado, Susana
- Populism by the people: An analysis of online comments in Portugal and SpainPublication . Fernández-García, Belén; Salgado, SusanaThere exists a gap in research on populism which tends to focus on politicians rather than on the people. This research addresses that by assessing the prevalence of populism and analyses citizens’ populist discourse in online comments in Portugal and Spain. The methodological approach is based on quantitative content analysis and co-occurrence textual analysis. The main findings point to a similar salience of anti-elitism in both countries, despite the differ- ent levels of electoral success of populist parties. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the views of citizens in populism research.
- The old meets the new: “old” political communication concepts in a “‘new” social media eraPublication . Salgado, Susana; Biscaia, Afonso; Papathanassopoulos, StylianosIn this introductory chapter, we explain the rationale of the edited book and delve into the changes that social media have been provoking in political communication and political communication research. The book brings together contributions of renowned scholars who look into some of the most pivotal political communication concepts and reflect on whether and how the new media environ ments and social media have affected these concepts. Potential changes in theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches are considered, as well as reflections on how to encompass such new realities (e.g., growing disruptive communication and incivility, disinformation, trans-national networks) in political communication research in an environment of further erosion of trust in institutional authorities.
- Nós e a Internet: Diálogo global de cidadãosPublication . Delicado, Ana; Estevens, João; Rowland, Jussara; Truninger, Monica; Salgado, SusanaEm outubro de 2020 realizou-se um diálogo global de cidadãos sobre a internet cujo principal objetivo foi compreender as posições do público sobre o futuro e a governança da internet. A consulta global foi promovida pela Missions Publiques, uma ONG francesa, por solicitação do Painel de Alto Nível sobre Cooperação Digital, convocado pelo Secretário-Geral da ONU para fornecer recomendações sobre como a comunidade internacional poderia trabalhar em conjunto para moldar o futuro da regulamentação da internet. Esta consulta, a par de outras feitas com Estados, empresas, atores da sociedade civil, académicos, representantes de comunidades e especialistas técnicos, tem por finalidade identificar formas de implementar as ideias do Painel de Alto Nível, endossadas pela maior 'coligação' possível de partes interessadas, de forma a formular opções concretas para a ONU e outros decisores políticos da internet incorporarem num "Documento de Opções” que será entregue ao Secretário-Geral da ONU. A par deste diálogo de cidadãos, foi organizada uma consulta on-line a stakeholders (decisores políticos, representantes de ONG, académicos, participantes nas secções locais do Fórum de Governança da Internet) de todo o mundo no dia 6 de junho, cujos resultados preliminares podem ser encontrados aqui (https://wetheinternet.org/2020-stakeholders-dialogue-results), e na qual o ICS-ULisboa colaborou no recrutamento de stakeholders e moderação de grupos de discussão.
- A importância das palavras e dos tópicos: uma análise do CHEGA no TwitterPublication . Salgado, Susana; Biscaia, Afonso