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- A colonização portuguesa na região de Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) e o desenvolvimento da atividade piscatóriaPublication . Pereira, Olegário Nelson Azevedo; de Castro, Elza Maria Neffa Vieira; Bastos, Maria Rosário; Dias, João Alveirinho; Rodrigues, Maria Antonieta da Conceição; Cancela Da Fonseca, LuísA região de Cabo Frio, área objeto deste estudo, está localizada na baixada litorânea do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As suas condições naturais, nomeadamente a existência do sistema lagunar de Araruama e a ocorrência do fenómeno da ressurgência no seu litoral, proporcionaram uma zona favorável à exploração de recursos marinhos, fomentando a fixação humana e o posterior desenvolvimento da pesca lagunar e costeira. Nesse sentido, a atividade apesar de ser praticada pelos povos indígenas estabelecidos na região, no século dezassete, com a efetivação da colonização portuguesa em Cabo Frio observou-se a sua intensificação e desenvolvimento. Tendo em conta as caraterísticas do meio no propiciar de recursos piscícolas, pretende-se analisar diacronicamente a evolução da prática piscatória na região, por meio da investigação de documentação histórica.
- Estudo sobre a Caraterização da Apanha de Isco nos Principais Sistemas Estuarinos Nacionais e Caraterização da Atividade de Importação de Isco Vivo, no âmbito do projeto PROMAR – “Isco Vivo: Anelídeos Poliquetas Como Isco Vivo Em Portugal: Gestão da Apanha, Importação e Cultivo”Publication . Costa, José Lino; Canning-Clode, João; Castro, João; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Chainho, Paula; Fidalgo, Pedro; Sá, Erica; Alves, Ana Sofia; Castro, Nuno; Mirra, Carla; Cabral, SaraEste documento constitui o Relatório final relativo à prestação de serviços para elaboração de um estudo sobre a “Caraterização da Apanha de Isco nos Principais Sistemas Estuarinos Nacionais e Caraterização da Atividade de Importação de Isco Vivo”, no âmbito do projeto “ISCO VIVO: Anelídeos Poliquetas como Isco Vivo em Portugal: Gestão da Apanha, Importação e Cultivo”, financiado pelo Programa PROMAR, com o Instituto Politécnico de Leiria como instituição proponente. O presente relatório consiste na descrição dos trabalhos desenvolvidos entre novembro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015 para cumprir as tarefas previstas nesse estudo sobre a “Caraterização da Apanha de Isco nos Principais Sistemas Estuarinos Nacionais e Caraterização da Atividade de Importação de Isco Vivo”. Estas incluíam: a) Caraterização da apanha de isco nos principais sistemas estuarinos portugueses; b) Caraterização da atividade de importação de isco vivo em Portugal; c) Determinação do impacto potencial da importação de isco vivo no país. Apresentam-se no documento os principais resultados obtidos após a aplicação da metodologia prevista na proposta de trabalho, que incluiu a realização de amostragens (observações no terreno e realização de inquéritos) nos quatro principais sistemas estuarinos portugueses: Ria de Aveiro, estuário do Tejo, estuário do Sado e Ria Formosa.
- First record of the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis (Lamarck,1801) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Notostraca) in PortugalPublication . Machado, Margarida; Sousa, Luis Guilherme; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Galioto, Eliana Dinamene; Caramujo, Maria JoséNotostracan crustaceans identified as Triops cancriformis according to the presently accepted morphological criteria were recorded for the first time in Portugal in 2007. All previous records of Triops in Portugal belong to mauritanicus lineage species i.e. T. vicentinus or T. baeticus. A specimen purportedly belonging to T. cancriformis (Carvalho, 1944) has been re-identified by Machado in 2014 as T. baeticus after morphological examination. During 2007, hundreds of individuals of T. cancriformis were observed throughout the rice paddies on the northern margin of Sorraia River (Vale do Sorraia, Coruche). In the last 9 years, monthly checks during the rainy season have failed to record high population abundances and only a few specimens have been observed in the flooded tracks left by trucks and other heavy machinery on the elevated margins of the paddies. The low number of individuals observed in the latter years possibly results from changes of ecological conditions. Thus far, males of T. cancriformis have not been recorded, which may indicate that the observed population is either androdioecious or made of hermaphrodite or parthenogenetic populations. This situation contrasts with the other confirmed populations of this species in the Iberian Peninsula that are gonochoric. Parthenogenetic/hermaphrodite/androdioecious lineages, present in Northern and Central Europe, are considered to have derived from gonochoric Iberian populations in the Pleistocene which makes this finding all the more interesting in evolutionary terms. Has this population resulted from a recent recolonization from non‐Iberian populations? Or has it derived directly from the assumed Iberian Pleistocene refuge? The potentially high dispersal abilities of Triops diapausing cysts and the possibility of hermaphrodite/parthenogenetic reproduction favour the 1st hypothesis of recolonization. Possible sources of individuals are (i) cysts attached to migratory birds arriving possibly from Southern France or Northern Italy and that are regularly seen feeding at these rice fields or ii) cysts unwittingly transported with the rice seeds used in the Vale do Sorraia. Both are in accordance with the assumption that nongonochoric reproductive mode confers a colonization advantage over gonochoric populations, which lack evidence of fast long distance dispersal ability. Future multilocus phylogenetic analysis is expected to clarify the origin of T. cancriformis found in the Sorraia’s rice fields.
- The variation of stygofauna along a gradient of salinization in a coastal aquiferPublication . Shapouri, M.; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Iepure, S.; Stigter, T.; Ribeiro, L.; Silva, A.We examined the variation of stygofauna composition collected in wells, along a gradient in groundwater salinity/conductivity in a coastal aquifer from southern Portugal. The studied coastal aquifer is considered vulnerable to salinization due to seawater intrusion, caused by overexploitation of the aquifer. Knowing the response of the stygofauna species to present levels of groundwater salinity makes it possible to understand and measure the effects of saltwater intrusion on stygofauna, rendering them potential bioindicators of this environmental pressure. Biotic and abiotic sampling was conducted in six shallow wells located in the fresh–saltwater interface of the Arade estuary along the salinity gradient established in the groundwater from the estuary to inland locations (microSiemens/cm). Groundwater salinity was highly correlated with taxa distribution. The stygobites Eucyclops hadjebensis and Acanthocyclops sensitivus, the cosmopolitan Megacyclops viridis and Cypria ophtalmica were particularly associated with low-salinity conditions, whereas Eucyclops graeteri, Megacyclops brachypus and Daphnia pulicaria were related to high-salinity waters. Multivariate analyses indicated that stygofauna assemblages varied significantly with location. We suggest that stygofauna composition and structure can be a useful complementing tool for monitoring seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers, where reduction or deterioration in groundwater resources is predicted.
- Defining the importance of landscape metrics for large branchiopod biodiversity and conservation: the case of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic IslandsPublication . Sala, Jordi; Gascón, Stéphanie; Cunillera-Montcusí, David; Alonso, Miguel; Amat, Francisco; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Cristo, Margarida; Florencio, Margarita; García-de-Lomas, Juan; Machado, Margarida; Miracle, Maria Rosa; Miró, Alexandre; Pérez-Bote, José Luis; Pretus, Joan Lluís; Prunier, Florent; Ripoll, Javier; Rueda, Juan; Sahuquillo, María; Serrano, Laura; Ventura, Marc; Verdiell-Cubedo, David; Boix, DaniThe deficiency in the distributional data of invertebrate taxa is one of the major impediments acting on the bias towards the low awareness of its conservation status. The present study sets a basic framework to understand the large branchiopods distribution in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Since the extensive surveys performed in the late 1980s, no more studies existed updating the information for the whole studied area. The present study fills the gap, gathering together all available information on large branchiopods distribution since 1995, and analysing the effect of human population density and several landscape characteristics on their distribution, taking into consideration different spatial scales (100 m, 1 km and 10 km). In overall, 28 large branchiopod taxa (17 anostracans, 7 notostracans and 4 spinicaudatans) are known to occur in the area. Approximately 30% of the sites hosted multiple species, with a maximum of 6 species. Significant positive co-occurring species pairs were found clustered together, forming 4 different associations of large branchiopod species. In general, species clustered in the same group showed similar responses to analysed landscape characteristics, usually showing a better fit at higher spatial scales.
- Trade of live bait in Portugal and risks of introduction of non-indigenous species associated to importationPublication . Sá, Erica; Fidalgo E Costa, Pedro; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Alves, Ana; Castro, Nuno; Cabral, Sara; Chainho, Paula; Canning Clode, João; Melo, Pedro; Pombo, Ana; Costa, José LinoDifferent invertebrate groups are often exploited on sediment shores and mudflats, including polychaetes, sipunculids, bivalves and crustaceans. The commercial importance of polychaetes and sipunculids, that has increased in the early 2000's because of its use as a food source for the aquaculture sector and a growing demand of worms for use as sea angling bait, seems to be declining nowadays. In Portugal bait harvesting from natural populations became insufficient to meet market demands and as a result, polychaetes and sipunculids have been imported in recent years. Due to this it was important to know the ways of the live bait import to Portugal, and to assess the risk of introduction of non-indigenous species associated to that live bait trade. The origin and quantities of imported live bait were determined by examining the landing's records at Lisbon airport, from two periods: 2002-2003 and 2012-2015. Live worms imported to Portugal arrived almost exclusively from China, USA and Vietnam. Monthly import data and bait registers at fish auction landings were significantly correlated, showing that bait captures and imports are directly related to higher bait demand. In addition, the risk of live bait's importation as an introduction vector for non-indigenous species was evaluated by examining the bait boxes content. Five worm species were identified in bait boxes with foreign species: Glycera dibranchiata, Namalycastis rhodochorde, Perinereis cultrifera, Perinereis linea, and Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus. The examination of bait boxes in Portugal suggested that there is a low risk of associated hitchhiker species introduction and dissemination, mostly because of packaging procedures, which should be advised. The same is not true to the non-indigenous live bait species.
- Freshwater large branchiopods in Portugal: an update of their distributionPublication . Machado, Margarida; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Cristo, MargaridaThis study is based largely on 20 years of field and laboratory work, with surveys conducted by the authors and some other researchers. During this period several studies dealing with freshwater large branchiopods (FLB) were carried out, resulting in scientific publications and project reports. The distribution of FLB in Portugal was presented in 2 international scientific meetings, but apart from a first paper by Vianna-Fernandes in 1951 and an update done by ourselves in 1999 concerning the southwest Portugal, no other information has been published. Therefore, this work intends to bring up to date the known distribution of this faunal group in freshwater temporary systems. This is pertinent because of the recent revision of the taxon Triops cancriformis on the basis of genetic analyses. The Portuguese populations were assigned either to the Portuguese endemism T. vicentinus, or to T. baeticus, the more widely spread Iberian species, both belonging to the T. mauritanicus complex. Furthermore, a new species, Tanymastigites lusitanica was found and described in Portugal. More recently, a male free (or, at least, a strongly female-biased) metapopulation of T. cancriformis was discovered in a rice field in the central region of Portugal. Here we present an updated status of FLB species of Portuguese temporary lentic systems and their distribution, plotted on a UTM (10 x 10 km) grid. A total of 505 sites (temporary ponds or assemblages of closely located, not individual temporary pools) have been surveyed (455 by us). In 241 of these (47.7%) at least one species of FLB was found on at least one occasion. Of the 505 sites, only 87 are located north of the Tagus River and of these, at least one species was found in only 17 (19.5%). South of the Tagus River (Alentejo and Algarve), 53.6% of the sites were inhabited by at least one species. This list comprises 7 anostracans, 2 spinicaudatans and 4 notostracans, including 3 species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and another 3 to Portugal.
- Impact of freshwater inputs on the spatial structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in two landlocked coastal lagoonsPublication . Félix, Pedro; Correia, Maria; Chainho, Paula; Costa, José Lino; Chaves, Maria Luisa; Cruz, Teresa; Castro, João J.; Mirra, C.; Domingos, Isabel; Silva, A. C. F.; Cancela Da Fonseca, LuísLandlocked lagoons are naturally stressed environments. They are strongly influenced by freshwater input which not only varies naturally, but which is also impacted by anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the direct influence of freshwater discharges on the distribution patterns and abundance of benthic communities in two neighbouring landlocked coastal lagoons, assessing the whole system and the confluence area of each tributary. Sampling occurred in the wet and dry seasons of 2011 at two distances from freshwater discharge locations. Both lagoons were colonized by species from two different pools, freshwater and marine. Freshwater flow rates had a direct influence on the spatial structure of the benthic communities of brackish-water/freshwater interface areas, where also specific taxa can act as early indicators of freshwater input variations. The intensity of this influence is highly dependent on lagoon size, creating spatial heterogeneity or affecting the entire system. The benthic fauna at the confluence of the tributary that depends almost exclusively on groundwater showed the lowest variability, suggesting that the biogeochemical nature of the groundwater may be a central cause for setting specific ecotones. The results suggest that benthic communities of landlocked coastal lagoons can be highly impacted by flow reduction from freshwater aquifers under drought conditions or water abstraction activities.
- Insight into aquaculture's potential of marine annelid worms and ecological concerns: a reviewPublication . Pombo, Ana; Baptista, Teresa; Granada, Luana; Ferreira, Susana; Gonçalves, Sílvia C.; Anjos, Catarina; Sá, Erica; Chainho, Paula; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Fidalgo E Costa, Pedro; Costa, José LinoPolychaetes are marine annelid worms that can contribute to aquaculture diversification. Its culture has been viable, and commercially attempted, but intensive production has progressed only in few countries around the world. In the countries with no production, marine polychaetes are imported or harvested. A strong and sustained research investment provided to a better understanding of the nutritional requirements and reproduction of some species. Recent studies showed new technical improvements, which can lead to an important progress in productivity and give a new impetus to the polychaete production. Some marine worm species were identified as good candidates for integrated multitrophic aquaculture. The development of cost-effective aquaculture techniques for marine annelid worms is essential to ensure a balance between commercial interests and the preservation of ecosystems. The influence of polychaete aquaculture on the environment and vice versa raise important concerns related to ecological security and sustainability of this activity. This review focus on the main technical improvements and advances that have been made in areas as diverse as: aquaculture potential of polychaetes, reared species, main species used worldwide, and highlights biological and ecological concerns, important challenges and recommendations.