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- âThe doctor will see you now⊠but not for longâ: linking physiciansâ racial attitudes and patientsâ discrimination experiences to racial disparities in the duration of medical consultationsPublication . Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo; Eggly, Susan; Penner, Louis; Hagiwara, NaoObjective: To investigate the relationship between non-Black physiciansâ racial attitudes, Black patientsâ discrimination experiences, and consultation duration in diverse clinical settings. Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted on data from three prior studies involving non-Black primary care physicians (Study 1: n = 14, Study 2: n = 5) and their Black patients (Study 1: n = 118, Study 2: n = 31), as well as 15 non-Black oncologists and their 72 Black patients (Study 3). Data included physician and patient surveys, along with video-recorded consultations. Results: Study 1 revealed that, relative to other physicians, physicians whose racial attitudes fit an aversive racist profile (i.e., low explicit racial bias, high implicit bias) had longer consultations with Black patients who reported more (vs. fewer) discrimination experiences. Study 2 and 3 found that physiciansâ implicit racial bias is negatively associated with consultation duration. Finally, a meta-analysis supported the effects of aversive racism and patientsâ discrimination experiences on consultation duration. Discussion: These findings demonstrate how physiciansâ racial attitudes and patientsâ discrimination experiences can affect medical consultation durationâan important aspect of patient-provider communication quality. Practical value: These results provide initial evidence for the importance of helping physicians manage the negative consequences of their implicit bias within the current structural constraints of limited medical consultation time and empowering Black patients to advocate for their healthcare needs.
- Perceived vulnerability to disease: adaptation and validation of the PVD-brPublication . Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo; Alexandre, Maria Edna Silva De; Rezende, Alessandro; Bezerra, Viviane Alves dos SantosPerceived vulnerability to disease is characterized by the extent to which individuals perceive themselves to be susceptible to contracting infectious diseases, as well as by the emotional discomfort that results from assessing the risk of getting contaminated by pathogens. The PVD self-report scale, which measures this construct, is widely used internationally. However, it has not yet been adapted for Brazil. To address this gap, we adapted and validated the PVD scale for the Brazilian context (PVD-br) in four studies. Study 1 (N =â39) addressed translation, expert validation, and assessment of the comprehensibility of the scaleâs items. Study 2 (N =â200) showed that the items were organized into two correlated factors and tested the scaleâs items quality using the Item Response Theory. Study 3 (N =â201) confirmed the bifactorial structure and examined the invariance of PVD-br for men and women, while Study 4 analyzed the convergent (N =â432) and discriminant (N =â181) validity of the instrument. Results indicate strong evidence of content, factorial, and criterion validity.
- Avaliação psicolĂłgica no contexto das deficiĂȘncias sensoriais: possibilidades e desafiosPublication . Santos, Francisca Ădila dos; Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo
- RepresentaçÔes e ancoragens sociais do novo coronavĂrus e do tratamento da COVID-19 por brasileirosPublication . BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo Do; Alexandre, Maria Edna Silva De; Bezerra, Viviane Alves dos Santos; SĂĄ-Serafim, Roseane; Coutinho, Maria Da Penha De LimaObjetivou-se neste estudo apreender a gĂȘnese das representaçÔes sociais do novo coronavĂrus, bem como do tratamento da COVID-19, considerando-se diferentes ancoragens sociais de brasileiros. Contou-se com 595 participantes, predominantemente do sexo feminino (69,9%) e da regiĂŁo Nordeste do Brasil (64,9%). Os dados, coletados atravĂ©s de um questionĂĄrio online, permitiram anĂĄlises de ClassificaçÔes HierĂĄrquicas Descendentes, indicando que a gĂȘnese das representaçÔes sociais do novo coronavĂrus Ă© marcada por preocupaçÔes relativas Ă sua disseminação e implicaçÔes psicossociais e afetivas. JĂĄ o campo representacional do tratamento enfatiza a remissĂŁo ou a amenização dos sintomas causados pela COVID-19. As variaçÔes nas representaçÔes sociais identificadas nesta pesquisa, em função dos diferentes grupos sociais, indicam que futuras intervençÔes devem considerar as especificidades de cada um deles na disseminação de representaçÔes e prĂĄticas sociais direcionadas para conter o estado pandĂȘmico.
- RepresentaçÔes sociais da hospitalização elaboradas por pacientes crĂŽnicos e acompanhantesPublication . SĂĄ-Serafim, Roseane Christhina da Nova; Silva, Rhyrilly PĂąmella Ribeiro da; Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjoObjetivou-se, no presente estudo, analisar as representaçÔes sociais da hospitalização elaboradas por pacientes com doenças crĂŽnicas e seus acompanhantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, descritiva e exploratĂłria, que contou com 65 participantes (sete crianças, 38 adultos e 20 idosos); destes, 30 eram doentes crĂŽnicos hospitalizados e 35 acompanhantes. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a tĂ©cnica de associação livre de palavras e um questionĂĄrio sociodemogrĂĄfico. Os resultados demonstraram que, ao representarem a hospitalização, os pacientes crĂŽnicos, independentemente de sua faixa-etĂĄria, destacam a importĂąncia do cuidado oferecido por profissionais da saĂșde e seus acompanhantes durante o perĂodo de internação hospitalar. Enquanto que, na perspectiva dos acompanhantes, a tristeza, o sofrimento e a dificuldade interpelam-se na vivĂȘncia hospitalar, seja por meio da hospitalização em si, do tratamento oferecido ao paciente ou da mudança em sua rotina.
- Avaliação psicolĂłgica direcionada para pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade e grupos minorizadosPublication . Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo; Lima, Kaline; TĂĄtila, Brito
- The white human stain: Assessing prejudice towards people with VitiligoPublication . Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Roberto, Magda Sofia Valadas Dominguez; Alexandre, Maria Edna Silva de; Silva, Karla Costa; Scardua, Anderson; Lima, Kaline SilvaPrejudice against people with Vitiligo is pervasive across societies. However, little attention has been given to measuring individual differences on the way that it is expressed. To overcome this gap, we developed and validated the Scale of Prejudice towards People with Vitiligo (SPV) throughout six online studies. Studies 1a and 1b (N = 136) addressed the development of the SPVâs items, their content and semantic validity. Study 2 (N = 121) showed that its nine items are organized into three correlated factors (cognitive, behavioral, and affective) with high internal consistency. Studies 3a and 3b (N = 386) confirmed this factorâs structure using confirmatory factor analysis, and explored the convergentâdiscriminant validity of the instrument. Study 4 (N = 417) replicated these findings and demonstrated the SPVâs configural, metric, and scalar invariance between two experimentally manipulated target-groups: Black person with Vitiligo versus White person with Vitiligo. Results also showed experimental criterion validity, in that participants scored higher on SPV in the Black (vs. White) Vitiligo condition. Furthermore, results revealed that the higher the social contact with people with Vitiligo, the lower the prejudice expressed towards this population. When combined, these findings are the first to document the correlational and experimental evidence of a measure of prejudice towards individuals with Vitiligo.
- Neuroticism, stress, and rumination in anxiety and depression of people with Vitiligo: An explanatory modelPublication . BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo Do; Santos, VitĂłria Medeiros Dos; Lima, Kaline Silva; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Alexandre, Maria Edna Silva De; Bezerra, Viviane Alves dos SantosPsychological impacts of Vitiligo have been demonstrated, and associations of the skin disease with anxiety and depression disorders have already been shown. However, it is still unclear the role of individualsâ personality factors, such as neuroticism, stress, and rumination, as well as sociodemographic characteristics of people with Vitiligo in such disorders. We conducted a study in a community sample of individuals with Vitiligo (N = 324) aiming to test the hypothesis that neuroticism, stress, and rumination are subjacent to these individualsâ anxiety and depression symptomatology. We also explored whether individualsâ gender might favor the onset or wors- ening of the psychological consequences of such disorders. Results showed that the relationship between neuroticism, anxiety and depression was mediated by stress and rumination (brooding), being this effect moderated by the participantsâ gender. Specifically, womenâs reflection and stress seemed to be important mechanisms to predict their anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas brooding predicts such disordersâ symptomatology in men with Vitiligo. These findings may guide future research and clinical interventions for this population, for which it is necessary to consider the psychological consequences of the disease and not just its physiological aspects.
- ConsideraçÔes Ă©ticas sobre a avaliação psicolĂłgica com grupos minorizadosPublication . Santos, Samuel Gualberto dos; Figueiredo, Camila Vieira de; Dantas Silva, Washington Allysson; Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo
- Healthcare providersâ psychological investment in clinical recommendations: investigating the role of implicit racial attitudesPublication . Duffy, Conor M.C.; Do BĂș, Emerson AraĂșjo; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Madeira, Filipa; Hagiwara, NaoRacial disparities in clinical recommendations can result in racial disparities in health. While healthcare providersâ implicit racial attitudes (affective component of bias) are theorized to be one major factor contributing to racial disparities in clinical recommendations, empirical evidence to support the link is lacking. This study aimed to bridge this gap by moving beyond the standard approach of operationalizing the quality of clinical recommendations as a guideline-consistent vs. -inconsistent dichotomy. The present secondary study examined the role of provider implicit racial attitudes in the quality of clinical recommendations, operationalized as behaviors reflecting providersâ psychological investment in patient care (i.e., number of words used to describe clinical recommendations, and number of treatment options recommended). Two-hundred-and-ten White medical trainees reviewed a clinical vignette of either a White or Black male patient and provided clinical recommendations. Their implicit racial attitudes were evaluated using the Implicit Association Test. Participants with more biased implicit racial attitudes (i.e., stronger implicit preference for White vs. Black individuals) used fewer words to describe their clinical recommendations and provided fewer clinical recommendations for the Black (vs. White) patient, while there were no significant differences between Black and White patients among participants with less biased implicit racial attitudes. These results illustrate the insidious impact of implicit racial attitudes in healthcare provision and underscore the need for researchers to consider the complex, nuanced ways in which provider implicit racial attitudes might manifest in clinical decision-making.