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- Insegurança e Terrorismo na região do SahelPublication . Galito, Maria SousaSe Terrorismo é violência política exercida sobre civis ou pessoas desarmadas, tanto pode ser empregue por um Estado autocrático, como ser instrumental na atividade subversiva de grupos paramilitares que procuram derrubar governos ou alterar o sistema vigente. É fenómeno distinto de guerra ou de guerrilha, embora possa ser recurso disponível num conflito híbrido que também inclua mercenários e milícias. O artigo confere exemplos de insegurança e de terrorismo no Sahel. Analisa grupos jihadistas que recorrem a atividades coercivas e que abusam de povos vulneráveis, conservadores ou fundamentalistas, com vista a alcançar objetivos político-religiosos, assim manipulando palcos estratégicos complexos, com repercussões desastrosas para o presente e para futuro dos países envolvidos. Recorreu-se a bibliografia secundária para a investigação e análise científica, procurando abordagem inovadora e multifatorial para explicar fenómeno difícil de erradicar no Sahel, pelas razões devidamente identificadas para o efeito.
- Marés de Mudança: Portugal e a importância da sua Plataforma ContinentalPublication . Pinguinha, Sofia Rocha; Sarmento, Eduardo MoraesPortugal, known for its historic maritime traditions, is currently immersed in a strategic ambition regarding the expansion of its continental shelf driven by geopolitical, economic and environmental factors, placing the country before a dynamic maritime scenario full of challenges and opportunities. The rise of the blue economy, synonymous with a sustainable economy, redefines the indispensability of the ocean and its centrality in the balance of building the sustainable development that is sought globally (Cristas, 2022). Using a qualitative methodology, the aim is to reflect on the main benefits that Portugal can obtain from the possible approval of the expansion of its continental shelf, by the United Nations Organisation (UNO). The future, according to the National Strategy for the Sea 2021-2030 (República Portuguesa, 2021), should involve defining a strategy, based on a system of alliances, that will allow Portugal to move forward with the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources (Seguro, 2022).
- Manual básico SPSS: como o utilizar de forma rápida e fácilPublication . Sangreman, Carlos; Faria, Raquel; Cunha, NunoCom este manual procura-se explanar um modo rápido e eficaz de utilizar o IBM SPSS Statistics, na introdução, gestão e análise de dados. Ou seja, a forma como a abordagem de dados pode ser realizada no domínio das ciências sociais utilizando a estatística descritiva, desmistificando a sua utilização.
- A glance at international challenges of refugee crises in the new milleniumPublication . Rocha, Marcela; Sarmento, Eduardo MoraesThis study investigates the intricate relationship between forced displacement and human development. By examining refugee outflows from key regions, this paper seeks to comprehend the factors driving these movements and their development implications. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, the research focuses on the five main refugee outflow countries in 2023. The paper finds that the most relevant factors that induce displacement are political violence, especially civil conflict, and climate change. Refugee emergencies have multiple aggravating elements, like economic crises, food insecurity, and infrastructure damage. Despite not identifying strong correlations between displacement and human development (measured through HDI), except for Syria, the study reveals that these emergencies are simultaneously humanitarian and developmental challenges. Repercussions are more prominent in the Global South since it is the origin and the destination of over 70% of displaced people. The findings reiterate the urgency for integrated policy responses that combine development and humanitarian efforts.
- The impact of climate change on developing economies : a comparative analysis of vulnerability indicesPublication . Cardoso, EduardoPara se tomarem decisões no âmbito do financiamento e políticas climáticas, reconhece-se cada vez mais a necessidade de se desenvolver um índice para avaliar o grau de vulnerabilidade dos países às alterações climáticas. No entanto, a existência de conceitos e metodologias diferentes tem conduzido a opiniões divergentes sobre quais os países mais vulneráveis e que merecem mais apoio financeiro internacional. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender se os principais índices da ciência climática classificam de forma consistente a vulnerabilidade dos países às perturbações climáticas. Começa-se por caracterizar o impacto das alterações climáticas nos países em desenvolvimento através de uma revisão de literatura de referência, seguindo-se uma análise comparativa dos índices EVI, ND-GAIN, INFORM e WRI de 2014 a 2020. Os resultados indicam a sua relevância como ferramentas para compreender e monitorizar a vulnerabilidade dos países, no entanto, a diversidade na composição das componentes da vulnerabilidade dos índices leva a resultados divergentes. Esta investigação sublinha a importância de uma abordagem holística da avaliação da vulnerabilidade às alterações climáticas e apela ao uso de índices de vulnerabilidade com base em objetivos e contextos específicos.
- Literatura e ecologia : representações da água em romances angolanos e moçambicanosPublication . Falconi, JessicaEste artigo esboça uma proposta de cartografia do papel narrativo da água na literatura angolana e moçambicana, através da leitura comparada de quatro romances: O Desejo de Kianda (1995) do angolano Pepetela; De rios velhos e guerrilheiros I: O livro dos rios (2006) de Luandino Vieira; Água. Uma novela rural (2016) e Ponta Gea (2017) ambas do moçambicano João Paulo Borges Coelho. A introdução situa a cartografia proposta no quadro dos estudos de ecocrítica, cujos vários paradigmas oferecem ferramentas e conceitos úteis para a leitura das obras literárias selecionadas. A abordagem metodológica temática e comparativa evidencia experiências e imaginários comuns a dois contextos pós-coloniais, apesar da diferença de cenários, temáticas, escolhas estéticas e estratégias narrativas. A análise pretende demonstrar que a água é um elemento crucial para narrar as sociedades angolana e moçambicana pós-coloniais.
- The relevance of the concept of cumulative causation : understanding growth trajectories in Sub-Saharan AfricaPublication . Sindzingre, Alice NicoleDifferences in growth trajectories among countries – including the possibility of divergence –, are a central issue in economics. Mainstream economics explain growth processes via varieties of neoclassical models, even improved with concepts such as institutions. Yet such models have difficulties in providing accurate accounts of the growth trajectories of many developing countries, notably low-income ones. It is argued that the growth paths of low-income countries are more appropriately explained by the theoretical framework that relies on the nexus of concepts of cumulative causation, non-linearities, threshold effects, self-reinforcing processes, irreversibility, path dependence and traps – though this approach remains marginal in mainstream economic analyses of growth and development. Firstly, this nexus of concepts is a powerful framework concerning the possibility and explanation of dynamic divergence regarding growth between countries, as it exhibits properties such as: the possibility of cumulative, dynamically self-reinforcing, processes; the existence of thresholds and tipping points; multiple equilibria. Secondly, cumulative causation, by definition, involves a combination of causes: its conceptual framework allows for the integration of several dimensions – economic, political, social, cognitive –, whose combination results in either virtuous or vicious circles. In developing countries, these causes (and their coalescence) typically consist in economic structures (e.g., commodity-based export markets), political institutions and social norms (predatory regimes, high inequality) as well as types of public policies.
- La production agricole des femmes en Guiné-Bissau comme moyen d´afirmation de son identitéPublication . Sangreman, Carlos; Melo, MaraCe document de travail est un produit intermédiaire de l’étude réalisée pour la Coopération Suisse en Guinée-Bissau, rédigée en français sans aucun point en portugais. Ce que nous démontre, ainsi que les principes de restitution et d’appropriation par les personnes ou les institutions qui ont accès pour répondre à des enquêtes ou des entretiens, sont des mots qui ne se traduisent pas en actions concrètes pour cette coopération. Les données ont été obtenues par des enquêtes et des entretiens dans les régions de Bissau, Biombo, Bafatá et Oio, avec les producteurs (qui comprennent également un nombre limité de producteurs masculins) de légumineuses, dans un échantillon de 160 personnes choisies au hasard. Au choix du promoteur, l’étude s’est concentrée sur la commercialisation des produits et non sur la production. Pour mieux comprendre les résultats, il faut dire que ce modèle d’affaires n’est pas très rentable, mais, c’est une activité qui donne une plus grande indépendance des femmes par rapport aux hommes dans l’espace familial, puisque les décisions concernant l’utilisation des bénéfices appartiennent aux producteurs. Il dispose également d’un environnement d’action potentiel pour l’affirmation de l’identité sociale (et pas seulement familiale) des femmes qui ne devrait pas être méprisée bien que, pour autant que nous puissions voir, cela ne s’exprime pour l’instant que dans l’organisation des associations de producteurs.
- The primacy for the accommodation of the Brazilian economy : a theoretical-methodological analysisPublication . Moreira, Marcelo JoséThe capitalist economy is immersed in generalized inertia. A movement of slow accumulation, low investment, limited growth rates, but with a high level of profit, and which is due to intense pressure on the levels of existing inequalities, combining worldwide restructuring of the generation of wealth and income to a pattern of reproduction of the labor force at the level of its limited maintenance. This inertia occurs, above all, from the financial-productive crisis of the first decade of the 2000s. Brazil is no stranger to this inertia and its developments. Therefore, this paper intends, from a conceptual reflection, to analyze the national economic conjuncture, from what I call the structure and primacy for the accommodation of the Brazilian economy.
- How does violent extremism influence ethnic identities? A preparatory study of MaliPublication . Hanaoka, ShigeyukiHow does violent extremism (VE) impact individuals’ ethnic identities? While there is a broad body of research on VE, which has seen significant growth in Africa in recent years, including assessments of its origins, the coalescence of various movements, and military operations against VE, research on its impact on ethnic identity and its associated political behaviours remains limited. This work serves as a preparatory study to examine how people’s perceptions, and political behaviours related to ethnic identity have evolved during the period of VE’s substantial expansion in Mali in recent years.