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- Música e imagem na era do streaming: o design de comunicação perante os epifenómenos pós-digitais no consumo de músicaPublication . Martins, Rui Pedro Lopes Brizida; Gonçalves, Sandra Sofia FigueiredoThis research starts from epiphenomena resulting from the technological hyperconversion of music consumption habits in the post-digital era, for the identification of reception and image production trends for music. In the first part, the social implications of the overlapping of mobile audio reproduction devices are identified, such as the routinization and privatization of listening to music, and also of streaming platforms in music discovery, as algorithmic systems that generate individual content counselling playlists. The second part is directed to the identification of phenomena around the production of visual content for music. The contribution of the democratization of image production tools to the existence of the self-taught user-producer is analysed, the thumbnail format is considered as a closed space on protocol platforms and, finally, a possible programmatic approach to the design practice is pointed out, which suggests that the designer may become a systems programmer whose authorial feature involves defining the parameters on which these systems are based. The research culminates in a practical project, the Soma web platform - plataforma-soma.pt - which is an archive of original interviews with musicians, designers, editors, and others whose practice focuses on exploring the relationships between music and image. The promotion and publication of these interviews, collected using individualized scripts whose guidelines cross the practice of the selected actors with the personal analysis of subjects referred to in the research, is expected to add a relevant contribution to the discussion of the theme of the image for music in the present.
- A judicialização de políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil: da ineficácia da política ao protagonismo do Judiciário (2010-2019)Publication . Castro, Kamile Moreira; Fonseca, PedroEste trabalho de investigação centra-se no exame da dupla natureza do Poder Judiciário. A primeira liga-se diretamente à função jurisdicional, na resolução de conflitos submetidos ao devido processo legal judicial. A segunda diz respeito ao protagonismo e ao ativismo judiciais que vieram a se consolidar desde as três últimas décadas do século XX. No que respeita diretamente ao objeto de estudo e à questão investigativa que anima esta pesquisa científica, cruzam-se as funções Executiva e Judiciária, diretamente sobre o problema das políticas públicas de saúde. Debruça-se, portanto, sobre as decisões em que os magistrados brasileiros têm atuado para conferir efetividade e garantir o cumprimento das políticas públicas de saúde definidas em lei. Por essa razão, foram investigadas as justificativas de natureza axiológica das decisões judiciais sobre política pública, revelando que, ao ultrapassar os limites dos princípios gerais do Direito e adentrar valores da sociedade política, o Poder Judiciário atua como órgão de Poder, e não apenas como uma função de Estado.
- Fase pré-analítica na morfologia parasitáriaPublication . Jesus, Lúcia Margarida Coelho de; Costa, Quirina Alexandra Pinto dos SantosO presente relatório reporta as atividades laboratoriais acompanhadas durante o período de estágio no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dr. Joaquim Chaves, na clínica de Miraflores. O estágio encontra-se integrado na componente curricular do Mestrado em Análises Clínicas, da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, compreendeu cerca de 1080 horas e teve como principais intuitos a aquisição de experiência profissional e a aplicação dos conhecimentos teóricos ministrados ao longo do mestrado. O relatório sumariza as atividades acompanhadas nas seguintes valências: Bioquímica; Hematologia; Química Analítica; Imunologia; Radioimunoensaio; Microbiologia; Biologia Molecular e Genética. Aborda parâmetros analíticos, métodos laboratoriais e equipamentos, bem como a temática de higiene, saúde e segurança, as fases pré-analítica e pós-analítica e o controlo da qualidade realizado no Laboratório. O estágio concretizado foi uma mais valia, dado que possibilitou consolidar e desenvolver os conhecimentos teóricos adquiridos no curso, contactar com metodologias e tecnologias avançadas e adquirir experiência profissional. Este documento também desenvolve o seguinte tema: Fase Pré-Analítica na Morfologia Parasitária, em colaboração com o Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Avaliação Externa da Qualidade. O estudo inclui uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a qualidade no laboratório clínico e sobre os procedimentos da fase pré-analítica a realizar em produtos biológicos, para o diagnóstico microscópico de infeções parasitárias. Além disso, no âmbito deste estudo foram também desenvolvidas metodologias no Programa Nacional de Avaliação Externa da Qualidade de 2019, para aferir a fase pré-analítica na área da morfologia parasitária e o desempenho dos laboratórios participantes no Programa é apresentado e avaliado. Faz parte dos objetivos deste trabalho, promover a consciencialização sobre a importância da fase pré-analítica na obtenção de resultados laboratoriais confiáveis, nomeadamente, na área da morfologia parasitária e pretende-se contribuir para a harmonização de procedimentos e de resultados entre laboratórios.
- Technology meets art : the Wild & Wessel Lamp Factory in Berlin and the Wedgwood Entrepreneurial ModelPublication . Fevereiro, António Francisco Arruda de Melo CotaThe subject of this article is the Wild & Wessel factory in Berlin, one of the foremost producers of kerosene lamps in Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century. The success of this factory was due in large part to its founding directors’ dual emphasis on art and technology: they hired well-known and respected contemporary artists to design and prototype their lamps, and spent large sums on research and development. This, and their emphasis on catering to an inclusive market with a range of low to high price points, on thoughtful merchandising and branding, and on streamlining production, put Emil Wild and Wilhelm Wessel in the footprint of Josiah Wedgwood, often seen as the pioneer of entrepreneurship.
- Closely related species show species-specific environmental responses and different spatial conservation needs: Prionailurus cats in the Indian subcontinentPublication . Silva, André P.; Mukherjee, Shomita; Ramakrishnan, Uma; Fernandes, C; Björklund, MatsPhylogenetically closely related species are often assumed to have similar responses to environmental conditions, but species-specific responses have also been described. These two scenarios may have different conservation implications. We tested these two hypotheses for Prionailurus cats (P. rubiginosus, P. bengalensis, P. viverrinus) in the Indian subcontinent and show its implications on species current protected area coverage and climatic suitability trends through time. We fitted ecological niche models with current environmental conditions and calculated niche overlap. In addition, we developed a model for the Jungle Cat Felis chaus to compare species responses and niche overlap estimates within Prionailurus with those for a related sympatric small cat species. Then we estimated the proportion of current suitable environment covered by protected area and projected climatic models from past (last interglacial) to future (2070; RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) conditions to show implications on population management and conservation. The hypothesis of a similar response and niche overlap among closely related species is not supported. Protected area coverage was lowest for P. viverrinus (mean = 0.071, SD = 0.012) and highest for P. bengalensis (mean = 0.088, SD = 0.006). In addition, the proportion of the subcontinent with suitable climate varied through time and was species-specific. For P. bengalensis, climatic suitability shrunk since at least the mid-Holocene, a trend that can be intensified by human-induced climate warming. Concerning P. viverrinus, most predictions show stable future climatic suitability, but a few indicated potential loss. Climatic suitability for P. rubiginous was predicted to remain stable but the species exhibited a negative association with intensive agriculture. Similar responses to environmental change by phylogenetically closely related species should not be assumed and have implications on protected area coverage and natural trends of species climatic suitability over time. This should be taken into account during conservation and management actions.
- The inhibition of Cathepsin G on endometrial explants with endometrosis in the marePublication . Amaral, Ana; Fernandes, Carina; Faes Morazzo, Sofia; Rebordão, Maria Rosa; Szóstek-Mioduchowska, Anna; Lukasik, Karolina; Gawronska-Kozak, Barbara; Gama, Luis; Jan Skarzynski, Dariusz; Ferreira-Dias, GraçaAlthough proteases found in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have antimicrobial properties, they also stimulate collagen type 1 (COL1) production by the mare endometrium, contributing for the development of endometrosis. Cathepsin G (CAT), a protease present in NETs, is inhibited by specific inhibitors, such as cathepsin G inhibitor I (INH; beta-keto-phosphonic acid). Matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) are proteases involved in the equilibrium of the extracellular matrix. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CAT and INH (a selective CAT inhibitor) on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and on gelatinolytic activity. In addition, the putative inhibitory effect of INH on CAT-induced COL1 production in mare endometrium was assessed. Endometrial explants retrieved from mares in follicular phase or midluteal phase were treated for 24 or 48 h with CAT, inhibitor alone, or both treatments. In explants, transcripts (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of COL1A2, MMP2, and MMP9, as well as the relative abundance of COL1 protein (Western blot), and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (zymography) were evaluated. The protease CAT induced COL1 expression in explants, at both estrous cycle phases and treatment times. The inhibitory effect of INH was observed on COL1A2 transcripts in follicular phase at 24-h treatment, and in midluteal phase at 48 h (P < 0.05), and on the relative abundance of COL protein in follicular phase and midluteal phase explants, at 48 h (P < 0.001). Our study suggests that MMP-2 might also be involved in an earlier response to CAT, and MMP-9 in a later response, mainly in the follicular phase. While the use of INH reduced CAT-induced COL1 endometrial expression, MMPs might be involved in the fibrogenic response to CAT. Therefore, in mare endometrium, the use of INH may be a future potential therapeutic means to reduce CAT-induced COL1 formation and to hamper endometrosis establishment.
- Avaliação dos impactos de fatores climáticos nos padrões de mortalidade em explorações de bovinosPublication . Vicente, Jéssica Sábio; Vaz, Yolanda Maria; Nunes, Telmo Renato Landeiro Raposo Pina (Tutor)Os bovinos são animais homeotérmicos e como tal têm uma Zona de Conforto Térmico. Fora desta sofrem stress térmico para manter a sua temperatura corporal. Este é observado em consequência de eventos climáticos extremos e tem efeitos negativos a nível produtivo, reprodutivo, metabólico e, no pior dos cenários, culmina na morte dos animais. O conhecimento da zona de conforto térmico dos bovinos e efeitos da temperatura são de interesse primário, pois permitem aplicar medidas preventivas adaptadas ao ambiente local e ajustar as condições de produção dos bovinos. Além disso, é importante perceber de que forma é que o stress térmico influencia a taxa de mortalidade e em que proporção. Neste estudo fez-se uma caracterização da variação da taxa de mortalidade ao longo do ano para as 7 regiões em que o país foi dividido, analisando-se dados relativos a um período de 4 anos (2015-08-15 a 2019-08-15). Avaliou-se e quantificou-se também a relação do THI (Índice de Temperatura-Humidade) com o Risco Relativo, ou seja, a relação exposição-resposta tendo em conta os desfasamentos temporais, através de Modelos Não Lineares com Desfasamento Distribuído (DLNM). Para tal consideram-se todas as explorações bovinas presentes em Portugal continental, que no período em estudo, tinham informação relativa à sua localização e que apresentavam continuidade de registos no Sistema Integrado de Recolha de Cadáveres de Animais (SIRCA), assim como os bovinos nelas presentes. Os registos das mortes foram obtidos da base de dados do SIRCA e os dados climáticos das estações meteorológicas localizadas em Portugal continental. Verificou-se que a taxa de mortalidade apresenta sazonalidade ao longo do ano, sendo que a faixa etária dos animais entre 1 e 60 dias é a que apresenta valores mais elevados. Valores de THI a partir de 75 e abaixo de 45, têm efeitos imediatos e desfasados no tempo (até 25 dias), com risco de morrer de 1,2 a 3 vezes mais, respetivamente.
- Characterization of the intestinal microbiome of the recovering eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) in mainland PortugalPublication . Nascimento, Mariana Duarte Limede do; Oliveira, Maria Manuela Castilho Monteiro de; Dias, Ricardo Pedro MoreiraThe Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), as a scavenger, and due to its widespread distribution throughout the “Old World”, contributes to the removal from the terrestrial surface of hazardous biomasses for most carnivores and omnivorous animals, such as to the human species, since that by feeding on decaying bodies thereby avoids their accumulation (Margalida and Colomer 2012). Due to their particular diet, a growing interest regarding how scavengers species adapt to avoid sickness is observed. One of the suggested mechanisms indicates that scavengers might possess a specialized gut microbiome, enabling them to feed on dead animals (Blumstein et al. 2017) This study focused on the characterization of the recovering G. fulvus (n=8) gut microbiome in mainland Portugal, through high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the hypervariable V3-V4 regions, further analysed using Qiime2 bioinformatics platform. The composition of the gut microbiome of Griffon Vultures was found to be highly similar to other wild vultures and scavengers, including mostly Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria species, suggesting a well conserved functional gut microbiome, possibly due to their similar diet and their functional needs. In this way, both the host and the GIT bacteria benefit of a symbiotic relationship, possibly even contributing to the protection of the Griffon Vulture from pathogenic agents, such as those here identified and possibly dangerous to humans, including Clostridium perfringens and C. tetani, as well as other species capable of causing conditions listed as mandatory communicable diseases in Portugal. No sex modulated changes were identified in the gut microbiome of the animals under study, neither differences on the microbiota profiles of individuals recovering in different locations. Still, it was possible to observe that captivity associated chronic stress could indeed lead to GIT microbiota dysbiosis and reduced diversity overall, and that age and medication can influence G. fulvus intestinal microbiome, as younger animals revealed a less diverse gut microbiome, and high doses of cyanocobalamin were possibly associated with the overgrowth of Proteobacteria and loss of diversity within the GIT bacterial composition. A higher similarity of the gut microbiome was found amongst those sampled during the same period of time (May, August and October). The high F/B ratios found in the late summer and early autumn might be explained due to their need for fattening before wintering and breeding season, in which feeding opportunities tend to be scarcer to the point of starvation.
- Normatividade, naturalidade e necessidadePublication . Silva, Ricardo Manuel Marques Tavares da; Santos, Nuno Gabriel de Castro Nabais dosPorventura, o principal problema a enfrentar em Filosofia Normativa é aquele que designarei de ‘problema da compatibilidade’: as normas têm duas características essenciais, a necessidade e a violabilidade, que parecem ser incompatíveis. De acordo com a primeira das características intrínsecas das normas, se p é obrigatório, então p tem de ser verdadeira. De acordo com a segunda das características intrínsecas das normas, mesmo sendo p obrigatório, p pode não ser verdadeira. A capacidade para acomodar esta aparente natureza paradoxal das normas constitui o teste derradeiro de verdade de uma tese em Filosofia Normativa. Defendo que só uma tese passa este teste: a semântica condicional, fortemente inspirada no que Husserl diz nas Investigações Lógicas. Esta tese rivaliza directamente com a semântica dos mundos ideais, surgida a par do desenvolvimento da Lógica Deôntica no século XX. Para a semântica dos mundos ideais, ‘p é obrigatório’ significa ‘p é uma verdade em todos os mundos possíveis que são os ideais’. Como o mundo atual não é um mundo ideal, fica explicado o facto de p poder não ser verdadeira no mundo atual, mesmo havendo necessidade. E se o mundo atual for um mundo ideal? Continua a não haver violabilidade: a verdade de ‘p é obrigatório’ no mundo atual garante a verdade de ‘p’ no mundo atual. Seguindo a semântica dos mundos ideais, as normas são invioláveis em todos os mundos ideais. Nesta dissertação, defendo que o termo ‘necessário’ é ambíguo e que, no contexto normativo, é usado de um modo particular: não designa o conceito modal de necessidade mas o conceito de indispensabilidade. Dizer que p é normativamente necessário é o mesmo que dizer que p é indispensável (para alguma coisa). Ora, é possível que ‘p’ seja indispensável e falsa simultaneamente.
- Notch and Wnt signaling interplay on regulation of early embryo developmentPublication . Batista, Mariana Raposo; Silva, Maria Elisabete Tomé Sousa; Costa, Luís Filipe Lopes daMammalian early embryo development requires action of a complex network of cell signaling pathways that coordinates cellular proliferation and differentiation events. Notch is a major regulator in embryonic and adult scenarios, also interplaying with other signaling pathways, such as Wnt. The objective of this work was to determine Notch signaling status in early embryo development and its influence on cellular differentiation and pluripotency maintenance, and on embryo competence to implant and develop to term. Additionally, the Notch/Wnt interplay was investigated in this scenario. Firstly, we analyzed individual embryo transcription of Notch components and their relation with transcription of pluripotency and differentiation gene markers (Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, Cdx2). Secondly, a pharmacological approach was used to induce Notch signaling (recombinant JAGGED1 and 2) and to inhibit Notch and/or Wnt signaling (DAPT and/or DKK1, respectively). Finally, embryos treated with DAPT and/or DKK1 were transferred to recipient females and implantation competency (at Day5 of gestation) and development to term (Day18) were evaluated. Results showed that transcription of Notch1-2, Jagged1-2 and Hes1 was highly prevalent and dynamic along stages of development. Transcription of Notch1, Notch2, Jagged2 and Hes1 correlated with each other and with that of Sox2, Oct4, Klf4 and Cdx2. In vitro embryo culture supplementation with JAGGED1 had no effect on embryo developmental kinetics, whereas supplementation with JAGGED2 abolished Jagged1 transcription, downregulated Cdx2 transcription and inhibited blastocyst hatching. Notch and Wnt had opposing effects on developmental kinetics, as Notch blockade retarded development and hatching, while Wnt blockade fastened it. We found evidences of Notch and Wnt interplay in early embryos as double blockade produced more severe phenotypes than expected by cumulative effects of single blockades. Notch and double blockade altered trophectoderm cell numbers and inner cell mass to trophectoderm ratio and all blockades altered transcription of Sox2, Oct4, Klf4 and Cdx2 throughout development. Implantation was unaffected by treatment, but Notch and double blockades affected the rate of Day18 developed fetuses. Notch blockade produced lighter and Wnt blockade heavier fetuses. Overall, results indicate that Notch is active in early embryo development where, together with Wnt, plays a significant role in controlling the pace of differentiation and proliferation of the blastocyst, ultimately affecting development to term.