Browsing by Author "Gomes, Jorge F.S."
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- Are latin cultures more prone to crisis?Publication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Coelho, Joaquim P.Em 2008 o mundo embarcou numa das suas crises econômicas e financeiras mais graves. A crise levou a que muitos países procurassem ajuda das instituições financeiras internacionais. Exemplos destes países incluem a Islândia, Irlanda, Grécia, Portugal, e Chipre. Em 2012, os problemas internos ameaçavam igualmente de bancarrota a Eslovénia, a Espanha e a Itália. Têm sido propostas várias explicações para a crise de 2008 e sua globalização, que variam desde os motivos políticos e econômicos, aos sociológicos. Neste trabalho argumentamos que os traços culturais de um país podem ter influência sobre a crise, pois podem estimulá-la, enfraquecê-la, ou atrasar a recuperação. Assim, algumas caraterísticas culturais podem revelar-se contrárias ao paradigma econômico vigente, que a prazo tem um efeito negativo sobre a performance financeira do país. Mas num outro paradigma, as mesmas características podem incentivar o desenvolvimento econômico. O texto busca estimular o pensamento sobre a necessidade de ter uma perspectiva contextual, ou seja, uma visão que considere o alinhamento entre o arquétipo econômico dominante e os atributos culturais vigente numa nação.
- Behind innovation clusters: Individual, cultural, and strategic linkagesPublication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, PiaAs observed by Porter [1] and Enright [2], clusters occupy a key position in the economy of developed countries, most notably because they bring several benefits resulting from economic and social factors. Although these authors alert us to the importance of social capital mechanisms in clustering processes, they fail to fully explore the psychological and social basis that underlay clusters and clustering processes. In the same vein, while Porter and Sölvell [3] mention that a cluster allows a shared language, social ties, and a set of standards and values to develop, they do not fully expand on how such phenomena develops. Addressing these gaps in the literature, the aim of this study is to investigate the dimensions (i.e. individual and social) which sustain and nurture the existence of macro structures (i.e. clusters). In particular, the current research looked at convergence and divergence mechanisms within a cluster. The exploratory nature of the research required a case study strategy; for this reason a cluster in the Portuguese textile sector was chosen. Data from three companies in the same cluster were gathered using several instruments, namely: a questionnaire, interviews, observation and documentary analysis. The results show that although the three companies operate in the same cluster, they are considerably different in terms of commercial orientations as well as cultural and strategic profiles, which is matched by a low presence of isomorphic mechanisms [4]; this result contradicts that of the Pouder and St. John [5] study. It was also observed that informal relations in the heart of the cluster are commonplace and that managers’ differences play a role. In this way, they strengthen and motivate the aspects of the business that unite the cluster.
- Creativity at work: The role of contextPublication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Rodrigues, Filipa; Veloso, AnaViewing creativity in context stresses the need to explore how creativity is really defined by organisational actors engaged in creative processes, whether these be related to product innovation or other types of innovation. That which in some cases might be viewed as a powerful influencing context factor, may in other instances be seen as just another company practice. Likewise, differences across organic units within the same company are probably better examined by looking at the historical and spatial pattern developed over time between individual actors and groups, as well as their unique set of contextual factors. The same reasoning can be extended to an analysis of creativity in industries and in national cultures. Only by taking into account the actors’ perspective of context, can researchers be permitted to fully comprehend the interplay between the creative person and his/her context. To summarise, this chapter has addressed creativity in context, and offered some additional thoughts that may be used by researchers to continue to investigate the socio-psychological view of creativity.
- Embodying sensemaking: Learning from the extreme case of Vann Nath, Prisoner at S-21Publication . Cunha, Miguel Pina e; Clegg, Stewart; Rego, Arménio; Gomes, Jorge F.S.The sensemaking literature offered important critical insights to the understanding of organizing. These have been underpinned by two foundational assumptions. First, sensemaking is predominantly a higher order cognitive process. Second, it is a process desired and desirable. Considering the account of Vann Nath as prisoner of the S-21 extermination center during the Khmer Rouge regime, we challenge these assumptions and argue that, in some cases, sensemaking is fundamentally a bodily and emotional process, one that is undesired and blocked by theorganization in which it takes place. The shift in perspective triggered by an extreme context has pertinent implications for the understanding of sensemaking in other, non-extreme organizational circumstances.
- Força de gestão de recursos humanos: exploração teórica e validação empírica no setor hoteleiroPublication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Bentes, Luísa; Correia, AnabelaA Gestão Estratégica de Recursos Humanos coloca a tónica na forma como o sistema de GRH é crítico para a eficácia organizacional. Apesar dos estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre o potencial da GRH no aumento do desempenho e eficácia das organizações, ainda há uma significativa falta de conhecimento no que respeita ao funcionamento dessa associação. Atendendo a esta problemática, Bowen e Ostroff (2004) introduziram o conceito de sistemas de GRH fortes. Estes sistemas comunicam mensagens claras e não ambíguas sobre o conteúdo da GRH, que orientam o comportamento dos colaboradores para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais. São propostos nove atributos, agrupados em três clusters: distintividade, consistência e consenso. Com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas a diretores de recursos humanos de sete grandes cadeias hoteleiras situadas em Portugal, analisou-se a forma como estas empresas encaram a GRH, mais especificamente se nestas empresas a GRH pode ser considerada forte. Os dados foram comparados com as proposições teóricas de Bowen e Ostroff (2004), e verificou-se que dos nove atributos propostos pelos autores, apenas alguns têm apoio empírico. Os atributos que menos se evidenciam são: compreensibilidade, validade, e justiça. Conclui-se que estas empresas ainda têm um papel importante a desenvolver sobretudo no que respeita a estes aspetos menos valorizados.
- HRM strength, situation strength and improvisation behaviorPublication . Ribeiro, Tânia Rodrigues; Coelho, Joaquim Pinto; Gomes, Jorge F.S.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the connections between human resource (HR), situation strength and improvisation behavior. A high degree of “fit” among HR practices and between such practices and organizational strategy, is said to have an impact on organizational outcomes. How these fits are achieved is not fully understood in the literature. It has been proposed that horizontal fit is achieved when messages regarding HR matters are communicated to employees in a distinct, consensual, and consistent way. This will create a strong situation, which in turn will affect outcomes such as improvisation behavior. Situation strength is captured by the concepts of climate strength, and culture strength. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted at a call center of a company belonging to a Portuguese Telecommunications Group. In total, 91 questionnaires were collected. Scales in the questionnaire are based on existing indicators, but a new measure of HR strength (HRS) was also used. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Findings – Results show that HRS has a direct effect on improvisation behavior. Furthermore, culture is a mediator between HRS and climate. There was also a strong indication that culture may be a mediator between HRS and improvisation behavior. Research limitations/implications – Limitations concern the sample size and the fact that research was conducted in a call center. Implications for research include the need to introduce leadership into this type of studies, as well as model and scales validation. Originality/value – The current research advances knowledge in the area in three ways. First, it presents a new instrument to measure HRS. Second, it introduces improvisation as an outcome of HR. And third, it tests a full model that links HR to social common structures (climate and culture) and performance outcomes (improvisation behavior in this work).
- I am, therefore I fail’: An empirical study of the relationship between national culture and economic and financial crisisPublication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Coelho, Joaquim PintoThe extent to which national culture and values are associated with economic and financial downturns has been largely unexplored in organisational studies. This reveals an important gap in the literature, which needs to be addressed, especially with regard to the recent global crisis. The goal of this text is to present the results of an empirical study designed to explore the relationships between national culture and economic crisis. The study was conducted in Portugal, which received international economic aid between 2008 and 2014, and it is original for two reasons: a) it shows how national culture is related to the various economic and financial aspects of the crisis; and, b) it studies these relationships over a period of 18 months. The research is based on a survey questionnaire for a global population, filled in by an average of 1,000 people in three key moments in time: November 2012, April 2012, and November 2013. The research was designed to capture individual perceptions regarding the economic and financial aspects of the crisis, as well as the country’s specific cultural aspects. The results show that some perceptions of cultural aspects suffered a significant rise from moment 1 to moment 2, followed by a decrease from moment 2 to moment 3. The sharp increase of individual perceptions in moment 2 coincides with a vast array of political and fiscal changes, which had histrionic impacts on the everyday life of individuals and families. Although this paper is based on individual perceptions regarding cultural, political, and economic factors, it shows that these macro variables act in conjunction during a crisis, which has important implications for the study of culture and politics. The paper ends with a discussion of such implications.
- Innovation for sustainability and networkingPublication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Noronha, TeresaThe current work sought to understand the softer dimensions which constitute the building blocks of innovation networks. In particular, it addressed the individual and social aspects that bond organizations in such networks. Based on interview data collected from 45 entities involved in various innovation networks in three regions in Portugal, the findings revealed that there are three key dimensions at the micro level of analysis which contribute to understand how organization networks emerge and develop. These dimensions constitute the main theoretical contributions of the current research to the emerging field of innovation networks.
- Internet gambling: : A critical review of behavioural tracking researchPublication . Chagas, Bernardo T.; Gomes, Jorge F.S.This paper reviews and analyzes studies that are focused on Internet gambling with the use of behavioural tracking and big data to identify gambling behaviour. The behaviour of gamblers has been extensively studied and much has been published on the subject. The vast majority of research has relied on self-reported gambling behaviour or case study research. With the advent of the Internet, however, it has become possible for researchers to remotely study the real behaviour of gamblers. The goal has been to empirically describe playing behaviour in several conditions and contexts. Existing research, conducted since the 2000s, focuses on several forms of gambling such as sports betting, casino, poker, and lottery, but there is still only a concise body of research on gambling behaviour with the use of Internet gambling tracking data. Most studies are based on the same databases, meaning that a few companies and websites were the basis for most of the research produced so far. It is important to explore new sources of information, methodologies, and approaches to enrich discussion and contribute to a better understanding of this field. The empirical analysis of gambling behaviour with the use of tracking data was found to greatly contribute to the understanding of player behaviour, despite existing limitations and problems. Considering that Internet gambling behavioural tracking is still a fairly recent phenomenon, much can still be done to further develop this field of research.
- Managing relationships of the republic of science and the kingdom of industryPublication . Gomes, Jorge F.S.; Hurmelinna, Pia; Amaral, Virgílio; Blomqvist, KirsimarjaPurpose – This article investigates the reasons for collaboration and the barriers to cooperation between universities and industry organizations. In an increasingly integrated world, cooperation between universities and companies is likely to grow in forthcoming years. Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken in this article differs from previous works in the sense that it reveals the psychological frameworks that academics and managers hold about collaborating with each other. Data come from a survey of academic and managerial staff working in several universities and companies in Portugal and Finland. Findings – Overall results show that academics still see companies as information sources for their researches, but they are also willing to participate in joint projects in which academic knowledge is not the sole output. Originality/value – Provides information for companies and universities with regard to how to embark on such cooperative endeavors.