Browsing by Author "Bento, Sofia"
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- Barragens e sociedades: contributo da teoria actor-rede (ANT)Publication . Bento, SofiaO texto apresenta um olhar crítico sobre os trabalhos das ciências sociais que analisam as barragens e as sociedades. A revisão da literatura demonstra um ponto comum:o determinismo social. Este exprime-se nas narrativas que associam normalmente o sentido da obra a actores políticos e económicos aliando à explicação da ordem social um pendor causal da tecnologia. A postura defendida é que o estudo de uma barragem ganha amplitude quando abordada através da teoria actor-rede, precisamente porque sendo o modelo associativista, este não parte de diferenças essenciais entre sociedade e tecnologia, e não focando a agência da acção nestes empreendimentos, engfatiza sobretudo a dinâmica da configuraçãosocial e técnica a que deu origem. É na perspectiva do actor-rede que a barragem de Alqueva, explorada a partir de dois terrenos etnográficos, serve de base empírica para interrogar a agência dos processos das barragens como processos compósitos e múltiplos.
- Combined assessment of climate change and socio-economic development as drivers of freshwater availability in the South of PortugalPublication . Stigter, Tibor; Bento, Sofia; Varanda, Marta Pedro; Nunes, João Pedro; Hugman, RuiA combined assessment of the potential impacts from climate change (CC) and socio-economic development (SED) on water resources is presented for a large aquifer in the south of Portugal, under large pressures from water consuming and contaminating activities. We aim to understand how this may further be aggravated by CC and SED, particularly for agriculture, the largest water consumer in the region. Short-term (2020-2050) and long-term (2070-2100) CC scenarios were developed and used to build aquifer recharge and crop water demand scenarios, using different models and methods to account for uncertainty. SED scenarios were developed using a number of techniques, and discussed at workshops with farmers and institutional stakeholders in the water sector. Groundwater use was quantified for each scenario and then integrated with the CC scenarios. They were run through a calibrated groundwater flow model, to study their individual and joint impacts on water levels and discharge rates into the bordering coastal estuary where relevant freshwater dependent wetlands exist. Recharge scenarios show clearly negative long-term trends, but high uncertainties in the short-term. Scenario SED1 predicting intensification and decline of small farms, considered by stakeholders to be most likely, shows a large drop in agricultural area and water demand. SED2, the most desired scenario, foresees growth and modernization of agriculture, but could be unsustainable in combination with CC. The joint analysis of CC and SED revealed to be challenging but useful. It involved the use of different methods across the border between natural and social sciences, aiming to contribute to transdisciplinary water management.
- O Estado Por Dentro: Uma Etnografia do Poder e da Administração Pública em PortugalPublication . Lopes, Daniel Seabra; Frois, Catarina; Mineiro, João; Carvalheira, Raquel; Moreira, Ricardo Oliveira Santos Gomes; Bento, SofiaEste estudo apresenta uma visão etnográfica de três funções representativas do Estado: o poder político personificado nos deputados à Assembleia da República; o poder judicial personificado nos magistrados ou oficiais de justiça de dois tribunais de primeira instância; e a gestão do ambiente levada a cabo pelos técnicos da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente. Metodologicamente apoiado em trabalho de campo intensivo com recurso à observação participante, procurando dar primazia às pessoas que, quotidianamente, fazem do Estado uma realidade concreta e actuante, o estudo retrata e analisa os meandros do funcionamento daquelas quatro instituições, procurando compreender o trabalho dos seus agentes nas suas vertentes interaccionais, sociotécnicas e culturais.
- Half a century of public participation to stop pollution in the Alviela river, from 1957 to todayPublication . Fernandes, Lúcia de Oliverira; Brás, Oriana Rainho; Meira, Teresa Bezerra; Bento, Sofia
- La difficile existence du Barrage d'Alqueva : une ethnographie des demonstrations sociotechniquesPublication . Bento, Sofia; Callon, Michel; Peixoto, João
- Mobilization Against Genetically Modified Organisms in PortugalPublication . Brás, Oriana Rainho; Fernandes, Lúcia de Oliveira; Bento, Sofia; Silva, Lays Helena Paes e
- Participatory analysis for adaptation to climate change in Mediterranean agricultural systems: possible choices in process design (versão Pre Print)Publication . Faysse, N.; Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel; Bento, Sofia; Richard-Ferroudji, A.; Errahj, M.; Varanda, Marta Pedro; Imache, A.; Dionnet, M.; Garin, P.; Kuper, M.; Maton, L.; Montginoul, M.There is an increasing call for local measures to adapt to climate change, based on foresight analyses in collaboration with actors. However, such analyses involve many challenges, particularly because the actors concerned may not consider climate change to be an urgent concern. This paper examines the methodological choices made by three research teams in the design and implementation of participatory foresight analyses to explore agricultural and water management options for adaptation to climate change. Case studies were conducted in coastal areas of France, Morocco, and Portugal where the groundwater is intensively used for irrigation, the aquifers are at risk or are currently overexploited, and a serious agricultural crisis is underway. When designing the participatory processes, the researchers had to address four main issues: whether to avoid or prepare dialogue between actors whose relations may be limited or tense; how to select participants and get them involved; how to facilitate discussion of issues that the actors may not initially consider to be of great concern; and finally, how to design and use scenarios. In each case, most of the invited actors responded and met to discuss and evaluate a series of scenarios. Strategies were discussed at different levels, from farming practices to aquifer management. It was shown that such participatory analyses can be implemented in situations which may initially appear to be unfavourable. This was made possible by the flexibility in the methodological choices, in particular the possibility of framing the climate change issue in a broader agenda for discussion with the actors.
- Pessoas com Deficiência em Portugal – Indicadores de Direitos Humanos 2021Publication . Campos Pinto, Paula; Neca, Sofia; Bento, Sofia
- Pessoas com Deficiência em Portugal – Indicadores de Direitos Humanos 2022Publication . Campos Pinto, Paula; Neca, Patrícia; Bento, Sofia
- Rights for all? Living conditions and (de)citizenship of adults with intellectual and complex disabilities in PortugalPublication . Pinto, Paula; Fontes, Fernando; Neca, Patrícia; Bento, Sofia; Pimentel Alves, JoanaBackground: In 2009, Portugal ratified the UN CRPD and a turn to a rights-based approach in disability law and policy has intensified since. It thus becomes important to understand whether these legal changes are furthering the social inclusion of adults with intellectual and complex disabilities. Method: Questionnaires were applied to a stratified sample of 127 adults with intellectual and complex disabilities attending social care and vocational training programmes across the country. Results: Participants reported low rates of social participation, and many (49%) were found to live below the poverty line. High rates of discrimination and violence and feelings of loneliness and sadness were also reported, which can be strong indicators of the oppression that many of them daily endure. Conclusion: Adults with intellectual and complex disabilities in Portugal face exclusion, discrimination, and violence. The poverty and isolation in which many of them live compounds their (de)citizenship status in Portuguese society.