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Os produtos de salsicharia tradicionais portugueses podem ser identificadores de determinadas regiões e a sua qualidade e características organoléticas são influenciadas pelas matérias-primas e ingredientes utilizados, pela região onde são produzidos e pela tecnologia de fabrico. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de enchidos (chouriço, paio e morcela) de diferentes origens geográficas, nomeadamente da Beira Baixa (Fundão) e da Beira Litoral (Arganil). Os resultados mostram que a contagem de Enterobacteriaceae nos enchidos analisados foram inferiores ao limite de deteção (<10 ufc/g), exceto na morcela e no chouriço de Arganil. As contagens de bactérias do ácido láctico foram superiores no paio do Fundão, indicando uma predominância destas bactérias durante a fermentação/maturação. As contagens de Staphylococcus coagulase negativos foram mais elevadas na morcela de Arganil e no paio do Fundão. A morcela de Arganil e o paio do Fundão foram também os que apresentaram valores mais elevados de Enteroccocus spp. As morcelas de ambas as regiões apresentaram valores de pH estatisticamente superiores (P<0,0001) comparativamente ao chouriço e paio sendo por isso menos ácidas. Contrariamente, as morcelas apresentaram valores de atividade da água (aw) significativamente menores (P<0,0001) que os chouriços e os paios, independentemente da região de produção (P>0,05). Os enchidos do Fundão, em comparação com os de Arganil, tendem a ser mais escuros (menores valores de L*). Por outro lado, os enchidos de Arganil tendem a ser mais vermelhos (maior valor de a*) comparativamente aos do Fundão, com exceção da morcela do Fundão. Os enchidos de ambas as regiões apresentam também diferenças significativas na coordenada b* (P<0,0001). Em geral, os teores de aminas biogénicas foram significativamente mais elevados no paio de Arganil (P<0,001) com maior predominância da tiramina seguida da cadaverina. Apesar destas diferenças, provavelmente atribuídas a variações nos processos de produção, ingredientes e condições de armazenamento, não influenciaram negativamente a qualidade dos enchidos em estudo
Traditional Portuguese sausage products can be identifiers of certain regions, and their quality and organoleptic characteristics are influenced by the raw materials and ingredients used, by the region where they are produced and by the processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physico-chemical quality of sausages (“chouriço”, “paio” and “morcela”) from different geographical origins, namely from Beira Baixa (Fundão) and Beira Litoral (Arganil). The results show that the Enterobacteriaceae counts in the sausages analysed were below to the detection limit (<10 cfu/g), except for the “morcela” and the “chouriço” from Arganil. The counts of lactic acid bacteria were higher in the “paio” from Fundão, indicating a predominance of these bacteria during fermentation/maturation. The counts of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were higher in the “morcela” from Arganil and in the “paio” from Fundão. The “morcela” from Arganil and the “paio” from Fundão were also the ones that presented higher levels of Enterococcus spp. The “morcela” from both regions exhibited statistically higher pH values (P<0.0001) compared to “chouriço” and “paio”, and therefore less acidic. In contrast, the “morcela” showed significantly lower (P<0.0001) water activity (aw) values than the “chouriço” and “paio, regardless of the production region (P>0.05 The sausages from Fundão, compared to those from Arganil, tend to be darker (lower L* values) On the other hand, Arganil sausages tend to be redder (higher values of a*) compared to those from Fundão, with the exception of “morcela” from Fundão. The sausages from both regions also show significant differences in the b* coordinate (P<0.0001). In general, the contents of biogenic amines were significantly higher in “paio” of Arganil (P<0.001) with tyramine followed by cadaverine as the most abundant. Despite these differences, likely attributed to variations in production processes, ingredients, and storage conditions, they did not negatively influence the quality of the sausages under study
Traditional Portuguese sausage products can be identifiers of certain regions, and their quality and organoleptic characteristics are influenced by the raw materials and ingredients used, by the region where they are produced and by the processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physico-chemical quality of sausages (“chouriço”, “paio” and “morcela”) from different geographical origins, namely from Beira Baixa (Fundão) and Beira Litoral (Arganil). The results show that the Enterobacteriaceae counts in the sausages analysed were below to the detection limit (<10 cfu/g), except for the “morcela” and the “chouriço” from Arganil. The counts of lactic acid bacteria were higher in the “paio” from Fundão, indicating a predominance of these bacteria during fermentation/maturation. The counts of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were higher in the “morcela” from Arganil and in the “paio” from Fundão. The “morcela” from Arganil and the “paio” from Fundão were also the ones that presented higher levels of Enterococcus spp. The “morcela” from both regions exhibited statistically higher pH values (P<0.0001) compared to “chouriço” and “paio”, and therefore less acidic. In contrast, the “morcela” showed significantly lower (P<0.0001) water activity (aw) values than the “chouriço” and “paio, regardless of the production region (P>0.05 The sausages from Fundão, compared to those from Arganil, tend to be darker (lower L* values) On the other hand, Arganil sausages tend to be redder (higher values of a*) compared to those from Fundão, with the exception of “morcela” from Fundão. The sausages from both regions also show significant differences in the b* coordinate (P<0.0001). In general, the contents of biogenic amines were significantly higher in “paio” of Arganil (P<0.001) with tyramine followed by cadaverine as the most abundant. Despite these differences, likely attributed to variations in production processes, ingredients, and storage conditions, they did not negatively influence the quality of the sausages under study
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar, área científica de Produção Animal e Segurança Alimentar
Palavras-chave
Enchidos Região geográfica Análise microbiológica Análise físico-química Sausages Geographic region Microbiological analysis Physico-chemical analysis
