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Arquitetura da casa contemporânea e o lugar
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Authors
Abstract(s)
No presente século, as arquiteturas brasileira e portuguesa mantêm a visibilidade internacional alçada por suas notáveis realizações no decurso do século XX, sendo que as casas contemporâneas de referência da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (AML) e da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH) contribuem com tal fenômeno. Por outro lado, embora essas regiões encerrem um valoroso passado partilhado, elas carecem de estudos comparativos de suas arquiteturas pós-coloniais, sobretudo no tocante às suas casas contemporâneas. Pressupondo que a prática de projetar com especial atenção ao lugar é um importante modus operandi da arquitetura luso brasileira, esta investigação indaga sobre as estratégias de projeto adotadas na criação da casa contemporânea de referência na AML e RMBH, tendo como parâmetro suas interfaces com o lugar. Assim, considerando a casa como o epicentro da observação, o presente estudo analisa os modos de intercâmbio do edifício com o lugar enquanto a topografia que o sustém; os horizontes que o definem; e a paisagem arquitetônica que o caracteriza. Para isso, construiu-se a hipótese de que, em estratégias opostas, as casas da AML são acomodadas à topografia e introvertidas em relação aos seus horizontes, e as casas da RMBH são elevadas e extrovertidas; e em estratégias convergentes, ambas estabelecem ruptura com as paisagens arquitetônicas tradicionais ou continuidade às paisagens contemporâneas. A verificação dessa hipótese através do estudo de casos em vinte obras erguidas no âmbito birregional confirmou os seus termos. Observou-se que o anseio pela privacidade é uma forte componente no projeto da casa contemporânea da AML, por estar tanto na motivação das estratégias de introversão quanto naquelas de acomodação. Por outro lado, se o usufruto da paisagem é a razão das estratégias de extroversão e da transparência mural no projeto da casa da RMBH, suas estratégias de elevação apresentam causas dispersas. Constatou-se, ainda, que as respostas ao lugar dadas pela arquitetura das casas estudadas não compõem narrativas de afirmação de identidades arquitetônicas regionais ou nacionais; além disso, elas rompem os diálogos com as linguagens pré-modernas e vernaculares, mas os preservam quanto às suas idiossincráticas modernidades. Por fim, fato marcante, identificaram-se significativos fluxos de conhecimentos e influências arquitetônicas binacionais entre os arquitetos autores das casas contemporâneas da AML e RMBH.
ABSTRACT: In the present century, Brazilian and Portuguese architectures keep an international visibility due to remarkable achievements during the 20th century, and the contemporary reference houses of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) and Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH) contribute to such phenomenon. On the other hand, although these areas have a valuable shared past, they lack comparative studies of their postcolonial architectures, especially regarding their contemporary houses. Supposing that designing with special attention to the place is an important modus operandi of the Portuguese-Brazilian architecture, this study questions the design strategies adopted in the creation of the contemporary reference house in the LMA and MRBH areas, having the interfaces with the place as parameter. Thus, considering the house as the epicenter of observation, the present study analyzes the exchange between the building and the place as topography sustains it; the horizons that define it; and the architectural landscape that characterizes it. So, a hypothesis was raised that, in opposite strategies, LMA houses are accommodated to the topography and introverted in relation to their horizons, and MRBH houses are elevated and extroverted; and in convergent strategies, both establish a rupture with traditional architectural landscapes or a continuity to contemporary landscapes. The verification of this hypothesis, by studying cases of twenty works erected in both regions, confirmed their terms. The longing for privacy was noticed as a strong component in the design of the LMA contemporary house, because it is found both in the motivation of the strategies of introversion and in those of accommodation. On the other hand, if enjoying the landscape is the reason for the strategies of extroversion and mural transparency in the design of the MRBH house, its elevation strategies feature scattered causes. It was also found that the responses to the place given by the architecture of the houses studied are not narratives for affirmation of regional or national architectural identities; moreover, they break the dialogues with premodern and vernacular languages, but preserve them in terms of their idiosyncratic modernity. Finally, as a remarkable fact, significant flows of knowledge and binational architectural influences were identified among the architects who are authors of the LMA and MRBH contemporary houses.
ABSTRACT: In the present century, Brazilian and Portuguese architectures keep an international visibility due to remarkable achievements during the 20th century, and the contemporary reference houses of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) and Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH) contribute to such phenomenon. On the other hand, although these areas have a valuable shared past, they lack comparative studies of their postcolonial architectures, especially regarding their contemporary houses. Supposing that designing with special attention to the place is an important modus operandi of the Portuguese-Brazilian architecture, this study questions the design strategies adopted in the creation of the contemporary reference house in the LMA and MRBH areas, having the interfaces with the place as parameter. Thus, considering the house as the epicenter of observation, the present study analyzes the exchange between the building and the place as topography sustains it; the horizons that define it; and the architectural landscape that characterizes it. So, a hypothesis was raised that, in opposite strategies, LMA houses are accommodated to the topography and introverted in relation to their horizons, and MRBH houses are elevated and extroverted; and in convergent strategies, both establish a rupture with traditional architectural landscapes or a continuity to contemporary landscapes. The verification of this hypothesis, by studying cases of twenty works erected in both regions, confirmed their terms. The longing for privacy was noticed as a strong component in the design of the LMA contemporary house, because it is found both in the motivation of the strategies of introversion and in those of accommodation. On the other hand, if enjoying the landscape is the reason for the strategies of extroversion and mural transparency in the design of the MRBH house, its elevation strategies feature scattered causes. It was also found that the responses to the place given by the architecture of the houses studied are not narratives for affirmation of regional or national architectural identities; moreover, they break the dialogues with premodern and vernacular languages, but preserve them in terms of their idiosyncratic modernity. Finally, as a remarkable fact, significant flows of knowledge and binational architectural influences were identified among the architects who are authors of the LMA and MRBH contemporary houses.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura com a especialização em Teoria e Prática de Projecto, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.
Keywords
Arquitetura contemporânea Arquitetura da casa Projetos de referência em Lisboa e Belo Horizonte Estratégias de projeto Lugar Contemporary architecture House architecture Reference projects in Lisbon and Belo Horizonte Place Project strategies
Pedagogical Context
Citation
ANDRADE, Ulisses Morato de - Arquitetura da casa contemporânea e o lugar : estratégias de projeto nas regiões metropolitanas de Lisboa e Belo Horizonte. - FA, 2021. Tese de Doutoramento
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura