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Resumo(s)
Estudos epidemiológicos e a investigação sobre surtos ocorridos nos últimos anos em vários países Europeus indicam que a Febre Q, cujo agente etiológico é Coxiella burnetii, deve ser considerada uma zoonose emergente, sendo os ruminantes domésticos considerados a fonte de infeção por excelência. Contudo, a ocorrência de casos humanos em ambiente urbano, sem um vínculo de exposição a ruminantes domésticos exalta a existência de vias alternativas de contágio. O contacto com ambientes naturais, tais como parques e outras áreas recreativas, tem vindo a ser descrito noutros países como uma forma de exposição a ixodídeos e agentes infeciosos a estes associados, inclusive C. burnetii.
Neste trabalho pretendeu investigar-se o potencial papel dos ixodídeos na transmissão de C. burnetii em contexto urbano, rastreando três parques urbanos lisboetas, regularmente utilizados pela população em geral e seus animais de companhia: Parque Florestal de Monsanto (PFM), Jardim Vasco da Gama (JVG) e Jardim do Campo Grande (JCG) ao longo de um ano. Esta foi a primeira vez que um estudo deste género foi realizado em Lisboa. Apenas no PFM foram capturados ixodídeos na vegetação através da técnica de flagging, perfazendo um total de 138 exemplares pertencentes a oito das 21 espécies descritas no país. A presença de ADN de C. burnetii foi detetada em 4,35% (6/138) dos ixodídeos analisados por nested PCR. As infeções envolveram quatro espécies, Dermacentor marginatus (n=1), Ixodes ricinus (n=1), Ixodes ventalloi (n=3) e Rhipicephalus pusillus (n=1), tendo sido identificadas em diferentes alturas do ano. Na revisão da literatura, verificou-se que estas espécies de ixodídeos já haviam sido associadas a C. burnetii, com a exceção de I. ventalloi, o que parece tratar-se de um dado novo.
Este trabalho confirma portanto a existência de focos ativo do agente nesta área de Lisboa reforçando a importância da vigilância epidemiológica de agentes transmitidos por ixodídeos e da implementação de medidas de prevenção para a exposição a estes artrópodes.
ABSTRACT - Epidemiological surveys and other investigations on outbreaks recently occurred in many European countries, indicate that Q Fever, which etiological agent is Coxiella burnetii, should be considered an emergent zoonosis, in which domestic ruminants are considered the main source of infection. Nevertheless, the occurrence of many human cases in urban environments, without a link to domestic ruminants highlights the existence of alternative sources of infection. The contact with natural environments such as parks and other recreational areas has been described in other countries as a form of exposure to ticks and tick-borne agents, such as C. burnetii. This work intended to investigate the potential role of ticks as vectors of C. burnetii in an urban context, by screening three public parks in Lisbon: Parque Florestal de Monsanto (PFM), Jardim Vasco da Gama (JVG) and Jardim do Campo Grande (JCG) during a period of one year. This was the first time that a study of this nature has been performed in Lisbon. Questing ticks were found only in the PFM by flagging the vegetation, in a total of 138 specimens belonging to eight of the 21 species identified in our country. The presence of C. burnetii DNA was detected in 4.35% (6/138) ticks screened by nested PCR. Infections involved four species, Dermacentor marginatus (n=1), Ixodes ricinus (n=1), Ixodes ventalloi (n=3) and Rhipicephalus pusillus (n=1) and were detected in different time periods. Literature review shows that all of these species have been previously associated to C. burnetii except for I. ventalloi, which seems to indicate new data. This study confirms the existence of natural foci of the agent in Lisbon and reinforces the importance of tick and tick-borne surveillance and the implementation of measures to avoid tick exposure.
ABSTRACT - Epidemiological surveys and other investigations on outbreaks recently occurred in many European countries, indicate that Q Fever, which etiological agent is Coxiella burnetii, should be considered an emergent zoonosis, in which domestic ruminants are considered the main source of infection. Nevertheless, the occurrence of many human cases in urban environments, without a link to domestic ruminants highlights the existence of alternative sources of infection. The contact with natural environments such as parks and other recreational areas has been described in other countries as a form of exposure to ticks and tick-borne agents, such as C. burnetii. This work intended to investigate the potential role of ticks as vectors of C. burnetii in an urban context, by screening three public parks in Lisbon: Parque Florestal de Monsanto (PFM), Jardim Vasco da Gama (JVG) and Jardim do Campo Grande (JCG) during a period of one year. This was the first time that a study of this nature has been performed in Lisbon. Questing ticks were found only in the PFM by flagging the vegetation, in a total of 138 specimens belonging to eight of the 21 species identified in our country. The presence of C. burnetii DNA was detected in 4.35% (6/138) ticks screened by nested PCR. Infections involved four species, Dermacentor marginatus (n=1), Ixodes ricinus (n=1), Ixodes ventalloi (n=3) and Rhipicephalus pusillus (n=1) and were detected in different time periods. Literature review shows that all of these species have been previously associated to C. burnetii except for I. ventalloi, which seems to indicate new data. This study confirms the existence of natural foci of the agent in Lisbon and reinforces the importance of tick and tick-borne surveillance and the implementation of measures to avoid tick exposure.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Zoonose Coxiella burnetii Ixodídeos Flagging Parques urbanos Lisboa Zoonosis Coxiella burnetii Questing ticks Public parks Lisbon
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Veloso ARCM 2013. Pesquisa de Coxiella burnetii em ixodídeos capturados em parques urbanos de Lisboa [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
