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- The role of task-oriented versus relationship-oriented leadership on normative contract and group performancePublication . Tabernero, Carmen; Chambel, M.J.; Curral, Luis; Arana, José M.In this paper we examine how groups develop normative contracts based on beliefs about the obligations other members of the group must fulfil in order to achieve group goals. The role played by perceived leadership – task- or relationship-oriented – was analyzed in relation to the development of relational normative contract and group performance. The study sample comprised 72 participants (24 groups of 3 members). A member of each team received training to be a group leader (task- or relationship-oriented leader). All groups worked on a simulation program: a complex decision-making managerial task. Group regulatory variables and group processes were evaluated during the simulation. Results showed that task-oriented leaders effected higher group efficacy and positivism among members of the group. In contrast, relationship-oriented leaders effected greater cohesion between the group’s members. The final group performance is explained from the perspective of group efficacy and the relational normative contract.
- Variáveis psicossociais na introdução de tecnologias produtivas : oito estudos de caso na indústria cerâmica na faiança do distrito de LeiriaPublication . Chambel, M.J.; Prata, Francisco Xavier Pina, 1924-2011; Peiró, José MariaEste trabalho insere-se na investigação da psicologia social das organizações que procura compreender a influência de diferentes variáveis psicossociais na introdução de nova tecnologia no sistema produtivo das organizações. Apesar, de na maioria das vezes, se renovar o equipamento produtivo das organizações, porque se considera que com esta decisão se obtêm melhores resultados, muitas vezes, estes ficam aquém das expectativas. Por outro lado, apesar de se considerar que esta renovação de equipamento influencia negativamente as características do trabalho dos seus operadores, nem sempre estas previsões pessimistas se concretizam. A análise das diferentes variáveis do contexto em que ocorre este processo e as suas respectivas relações, permite compreender estes resultados. Goleman (1997) refere na introdução desta obra, que um episódio por si vivido no interior de um autocarro, fê-lo compreender que apesar de ter um doutoramento em Psicologia não compreendia nada sobre pessoas. Refere que naquela altura a psicologia não se interessava pelo estudo das emoções e por isso não sabia explicar porque os indivíduos ficavam sorridentes e bem dispostas depois de ouvirem as palavras simpáticas e amigáveis do condutor daquele autocarro. Neste trabalho, privilegio no contexto em que ocorre a introdução de nova tecnologia, a compreensão das pessoas, nomeadamente, a relação que estabelecem com o novo equipamento produtivo introduzido nas organizações em que trabalham. Pretendo mostrar que a tecnologia, nomeadamente, o equipamento produtivo, não deve ser entendida como uma variável definida apenas pelas suas características materiais, mas também pela construção que as organizações e os seus participantes dela realizam. Nesta construção, saliento as opções realizadas durante a sua introdução nas organizações, as diferentes limitações que podem influenciar esta decisão e a sua relação com a gestão de recursos humanos. Pela natureza do estudo, a revisão de literatura que realizo na primeira parte, permite-me uma focalização orientadora no desenvolvimento do estudo empírico, mas procuro que exista um desenvolvimento teórico através dos dados recolhidos e analisados com esta investigação. (...)
- Exigências e recursos do trabalho académico e bem-estar de estudantes da Universidade de LisboaPublication . Marques-Pinto, A.; Chambel, M.J.; Curral, Luis; Castanheira, Filipa; Figueira, Célia
- Training, exhaustion, and commitment of temporary agency workers: A test of employability perceptionsPublication . Chambel, M.J.; Sobral, Filipa; Espada, Mafalda; Curral, LuisThe aim of this study was to analyse whether the social exchange between temporary agency workers (TAWs) and the client organization is associated with a perception of training. In this study, we developed and tested a moderated mediation model that accounts for TAWs’ exhaustion and desire to obtain a direct contract with the client company in the relationship between the perception of training and affective commitment. Our hypotheses were tested on a sample of 425 blue-collar workers from four Portuguese companies with temporary agency work contracts. Our findings support a conditional indirect relationship between the perception of TAWs that the training provided by the client company facilitates their internal employability and their commitment towards this company via exhaustion for those TAWs who have a low desire to have a direct contract with this company. In addition, our findings show that TAWs do not reciprocally respond to the training that promotes external employability, as this factor is not associated with the affective commitment of these individuals, although exhaustion is associated with this perception. Moreover, we discuss the implications of these findings for the human resource management of TAWs.
- Diferentes níveis de troca social nos trabalhadores temporários: A empresa, o líder e a equipaPublication . Curral, Luis; Chambel, M.J.; Chambel, Maria José
- Stress in academic life: Work characteristics as predictors of student well-being and performancePublication . Chambel, M.J.; Curral, LuisThe relationship between work characteristics, student well-being and performance was assessed, based upon Karasek and Theorell’s (1990) Job Demands–Control–Support model. A sample of Portuguese university students (N = 825) answered a questionnaire comprising measures of academic work demands and control, peer support, satisfaction with academic life, anxiety/depression and academic performance. Results suggested that, similar to other work contexts, student satisfaction with academic life and anxiety/ depression levels are strongly dependent on their perceptions of work characteristics. Levels of satisfaction have a direct impact on student performance and mediate the relationship between academic work control and performance.
- The Effect of Leadership Style on Firefighters Well-Being during an EmergencyPublication . Curral, Luis; Carmona, Laura; Pinheiro, Raquel; Reis, Vitor; Chambel, M.J.Leaders are crucial to ensuring the well-being of their subordinates. This study aims to understand the effects of two leadership styles (empowering vs. directive) on subordinates’ well-being in an emergency situation (i.e., rural fire). A simulation study was conducted with two experimental conditions (empowering vs. directive leadership), and the subordinates’ stress levels were measured before and after the simulated episode. Contrary to expectations, empowering leadership had no significant effect on subordinates’ stress levels, while directive leadership contributed to reducing them. As expected, this effect was stronger for the subordinates with higher levels of stress prior to the simulated episode.