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- Estudo sobre a Caraterização da Apanha de Isco nos Principais Sistemas Estuarinos Nacionais e Caraterização da Atividade de Importação de Isco Vivo, no âmbito do projeto PROMAR – “Isco Vivo: Anelídeos Poliquetas Como Isco Vivo Em Portugal: Gestão da Apanha, Importação e Cultivo”Publication . Costa, José Lino; Canning-Clode, João; Castro, João; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Chainho, Paula; Fidalgo, Pedro; Sá, Erica; Alves, Ana Sofia; Castro, Nuno; Mirra, Carla; Cabral, SaraEste documento constitui o Relatório final relativo à prestação de serviços para elaboração de um estudo sobre a “Caraterização da Apanha de Isco nos Principais Sistemas Estuarinos Nacionais e Caraterização da Atividade de Importação de Isco Vivo”, no âmbito do projeto “ISCO VIVO: Anelídeos Poliquetas como Isco Vivo em Portugal: Gestão da Apanha, Importação e Cultivo”, financiado pelo Programa PROMAR, com o Instituto Politécnico de Leiria como instituição proponente. O presente relatório consiste na descrição dos trabalhos desenvolvidos entre novembro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015 para cumprir as tarefas previstas nesse estudo sobre a “Caraterização da Apanha de Isco nos Principais Sistemas Estuarinos Nacionais e Caraterização da Atividade de Importação de Isco Vivo”. Estas incluíam: a) Caraterização da apanha de isco nos principais sistemas estuarinos portugueses; b) Caraterização da atividade de importação de isco vivo em Portugal; c) Determinação do impacto potencial da importação de isco vivo no país. Apresentam-se no documento os principais resultados obtidos após a aplicação da metodologia prevista na proposta de trabalho, que incluiu a realização de amostragens (observações no terreno e realização de inquéritos) nos quatro principais sistemas estuarinos portugueses: Ria de Aveiro, estuário do Tejo, estuário do Sado e Ria Formosa.
- Non-indigenous species in Portuguese coastal areas, coastal lagoons, estuaries and islandsPublication . Chainho, Paula; Fernandes, António; Amorim, Ana; Ávila, Sérgio P.; Canning-Clode, João; Castro, João J.; Costa, Ana C.; Costa, José Lino; Cruz, Teresa; Gollasch, Stephan; Grazziotin-Soares, Clarissa; Melo, Ricardo; Micael, Joana; Parente, Manuela I.; Semedo, Jorge; Silva, Teresa; Sobral, Dinah; Sousa, Mónica; Torres, Paulo; Veloso, Vera; Costa, Maria JoséTrends in abundance, temporal occurrence and spatial distribution of marine and brackish non-indigenous species (NIS) are part of the indicators to assess the compliance of Good Environmental Status in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (EU-MSFD). European-wide regional and national databases for NIS will be useful for the implementation of the EU-MSFD but there are still spatial gaps for some regions and taxonomic groups. In 2009, Portugal was among the countries with the lowest reported numbers of NIS in Europe and a national online database on NIS was not available. This study provides an updated list of NIS registered in Portuguese coastal and estuarine waters, including mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. A list of 133 NIS was cataloged, most of which recorded in the last three decades, showing that this area of the North Atlantic is no less prone to introductions than neighboring areas. Most NIS reported in the current inventory are native in the Indo-Pacific region. Fouling and ballast water are the most likely introduction vectors of NIS in the studied area but shipping routes connecting to the NIS native regions are rare, indicating that most species are secondary introductions. The high number of NIS in the Azores and Madeira islands indicates that this ecosystem type seems to be more susceptible to invasions but these preliminary results might be biased by a higher number of studies and knowledge on the NIS occurrence on the islands.
- Trade of live bait in Portugal and risks of introduction of non-indigenous species associated to importationPublication . Sá, Erica; Fidalgo E Costa, Pedro; Cancela Da Fonseca, Luís; Alves, Ana; Castro, Nuno; Cabral, Sara; Chainho, Paula; Canning Clode, João; Melo, Pedro; Pombo, Ana; Costa, José LinoDifferent invertebrate groups are often exploited on sediment shores and mudflats, including polychaetes, sipunculids, bivalves and crustaceans. The commercial importance of polychaetes and sipunculids, that has increased in the early 2000's because of its use as a food source for the aquaculture sector and a growing demand of worms for use as sea angling bait, seems to be declining nowadays. In Portugal bait harvesting from natural populations became insufficient to meet market demands and as a result, polychaetes and sipunculids have been imported in recent years. Due to this it was important to know the ways of the live bait import to Portugal, and to assess the risk of introduction of non-indigenous species associated to that live bait trade. The origin and quantities of imported live bait were determined by examining the landing's records at Lisbon airport, from two periods: 2002-2003 and 2012-2015. Live worms imported to Portugal arrived almost exclusively from China, USA and Vietnam. Monthly import data and bait registers at fish auction landings were significantly correlated, showing that bait captures and imports are directly related to higher bait demand. In addition, the risk of live bait's importation as an introduction vector for non-indigenous species was evaluated by examining the bait boxes content. Five worm species were identified in bait boxes with foreign species: Glycera dibranchiata, Namalycastis rhodochorde, Perinereis cultrifera, Perinereis linea, and Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus. The examination of bait boxes in Portugal suggested that there is a low risk of associated hitchhiker species introduction and dissemination, mostly because of packaging procedures, which should be advised. The same is not true to the non-indigenous live bait species.