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- A COVID-19 e a sociedade Portuguesa: Uma crise sindémicaPublication . Godinho, Sandra; Calheiros, M M; Garrido, M. V.; Ferreira, Mário B.; Graça, João; Sarroeira, Ana
- How does mothering look like: a multidimensional approach to maternal cognitive representationsPublication . Camilo, Cláudia; Garrido, M. V.; Ferreira, Mário B.; Calheiros, M MFrom a cognitive information processing perspective, parents’ cognitive schemas strongly influence the way they perceive and act toward their children. In order to explore how maternal cognitive representations about parenting are organized in a multidimensional space, mothers referred to child protection services and mothers with no such reference completed a free description task of maternal attributes and a sorting task of those attributes according to their probability of co-occurrence in the same mother. Overall, the results suggest that maladaptive parenting seems to be associated with less positive parental schemata, higher schemata rigidity, and higher external attributions regarding parenting. Using multidimensional scaling to represent the structure and content of maternal schemata constitutes an innovative contribution to the parenting domain with potential applications. These conceptual maps representing maternal schemata that shape parental responses in child-rearing situations can be used as theoretical frameworks to develop empirically based guidelines for intervention work with maltreating parents.
- A matter of teaching and relationships: Determinants of teaching style, interpersonal resources and teacher burnoutPublication . Simões, Francisco; Calheiros, M MThe present study tests a model of the interplay between teaching style determinants, interpersonal resources, and teacher burnout dimensions, controlling for teachers’ experience variables. Two-hundred and ninety-seven teachers in the Portuguese educational system teaching in a rural region participated in the research. Using a Structural Equation Modeling approach, the key fnding of this study is that teacher interpersonal self-efcacy and teacher–student closeness partially mediated the connections between teacher epistemological sophistication and student misbehavior and teacher burnout. Specifcally, an increment of teacher depersonalization is associated with student misbehavior, when mediated by interpersonal self-efcacy and teacher–student closeness. Moreover, while greater attunement with students (meaning lower confict) prevents emotional exhaustion caused by student misbehavior, it also has costs in terms of lower professional accomplishment. Thus, in intense interpersonal settings like schools, teacher interpersonal resources, especially teacher–student closeness and attunement, may not have an universal positive return for educators. Implications for future research are recommended, such as the replication of this model across urban and suburban settings. In addition, it seems warranted that teacher pre-service and service training readdress the topic of interpersonal resources as a means to improve teacher well-being, including its merits and limits.
- Stop yelling: Interparental conflict and adolescents self-representations as mediated by their perceived relationships with parentsPublication . Silva, Carla; Calheiros, M MAdolescents’ perceptions of their relationship with both parents were examined as mediators linking interparental conflict to their self-representations (SR). Portuguese adolescents (N = 214; 58.4% girls), aged 10-16 years old (M = 13.39), attending public elementary and secondary schools, filled out self-report measures. Multi-mediator path analysis models revealed that interparental conflict predicted less favorable SR in most evaluated domains. This association was mediated by adolescents’ perceptions of (a) support in the mother–adolescent relationship, related to instrumental, social, emotional, physical appearance, and intelligence SR; (b) negative interactions in the mother–adolescent relationship, related to instrumental and physical appearance SR; (c) support in the father–adolescent relationship, related to social and physical appearance SR; and (d) negative interactions in the father–adolescent relationship, related to instrumental SR. This study emphasizes the relevance of interparental conflict and adolescents’ perceptions of their relationship with both parents in their SR construction. Practical implications point to promoting constructive conflict and improving parent–adolescent relationships.
- Friendship Quality and Mental Health of Youth in Residential Care: The Moderating Role of Individual and Contextual Variables.Publication . Calheiros, M M; Rodrigues, Ana Filipa; Camilo, Cláudia; Silva, CarlaBackground: Supportive relationships provide positive afect and a sense of belonging, which enable positive mental health outcomes. Objective: This study examines the association between the quality of the relationship of youth in Residential Care (RC) with their best friend and their mental health, considering the moderator role of gender and age and the context of friendship (in/outside RC) in these associations. Method: Participants were 752 youth (46.4% girls), aged 11–25 years (M=16.19, SD=2.25), and their main caregiver. Youth flled out the Network of Relationships Inventory to evaluate their relationship quality with their best friend through six conceptually distinct, though interrelated, dimensions (companionship, intimate self-disclosure, emotional support, satisfaction, confict and criticism), while their main residential caregiver completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (internalizing and externalizing problems). Results: Younger youth with higher levels of perceived emotional support have fewer internalizing problems, compared to older youth. Boys with higher perceived companionship are described as having lower levels of internalizing problems compared to girls. Girls with higher perceived intimate disclosure are described as having lower levels of internalizing problems, compared to boys. And girls with higher perceived confict are described as having higher levels of externalizing problems, compared to boys. Conclusions: The fndings add to existing evidence on the association between quality friendship relationships and youth’s mental health, by highlighting the moderating role of youth’s age and gender in that associations.
- A Covid-19 e a sociedade portuguesa: Avaliação, estratégia e políticas públicas baseadas na resiliência para responder ao risco sistémico da Covid-19Publication . Godinho, Sandra; Calheiros, M M; Garrido, M. V.; Ferreira, Mário B.; Graça, João; Sarroeira, Ana; Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos
- ‘I always say what I think’: a rights-based approach of young people¿s psychosocial functioning in residential carePublication . Magalhães, Eunice; Calheiros, M M; Antunes, CarlaAdolescents in residential care tend to be socially devalued and are psychosocially vulnerable. For that reason, a rights-based approach must be adopted to empower them and promote their participation. Focus group discussions were developed with 29 adolescents aiming to explore their rights perceptions during the placement in residential care and how it could be related to their well-being. Results from the grounded model showed that youth’s perceptions on the non-fulfilment of their rights are related to perceived emotional and behavioral difficulties. Their psychological functioning seems to be particularly affected when a set of dimensions are perceived as not fulfilled, namely, education, private life, non-discrimination, perceived social image and respect for themselves and their families by the protection system. Also, a set of individual, relational and socio-cognitive variables were identified as conditions and processes that provide additional explanatory potential to this model. These results underpin the relevance of adopting a rights-based approach to understand psychosocial functioning in residential care, strengthening the importance of social influences to human development. Implications for practice are also explored in the present work.
- Socioeconomic status, multiple autonomy support attunement, and early adolescents' social developmentPublication . Simões, Francisco; Calheiros, M M; Alarcão, MadalenaThis study explores the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), multiple autonomy support attunement (MASA), and social development indicators (antisocial behavior, prosociality, and selfregulation), considering the concurrent effects of structural (gender and age) and social factors (social networks’ size and orientation). MASA describes patterns of autonomy support provided by different sources, which, in this case, were parents, teachers, and mentors. Participants were 645 adolescents (mean = 12.30; standard deviation = .60; 55.35% girls). Using latent class analysis, a 4-class solution for MASA presented the best fit. A generalized linear model approach revealed that lower SES was associated with greater antisocial behavior, while MASA was linked to improved prosociality and self-regulation when youths were included in a high-attuned multiple autonomy support class, compared to other MASA classes. Thus, optimal levels of MASA can represent an asset for training, implementation, and assessment stages of interventions aimed at improving early adolescents’ positive social development.
- Total and attuned multiple autonomy support and the social development of early adolescentsPublication . Simões, Francisco; Calheiros, M M; Alarcão, Madalena; Sousa, Áurea Sandra Toledo; Silva, Osvaldo Dias Lopes daThe effects of Multiple Autonomy Support (MAS), meaning the autonomy support provided by two or more sources, is an overlooked topic in social development literature. The aim of this study is to understand how two types of MAS, Total Multiple Autonomy Support (TMAS) and Multiple Autonomy Support Attunement (MASA), are related to early adolescents’ social development indicators (prosocial behavior, self-regulation, antisocial behavior, alcohol use, and 1-year substance use intention). TMAS pertains to the general amount of autonomy support perceived by a MAS recipient, irrespectively of each provider’s contribution to that score. MASA refers to the interindividual patterns of perceived coordination among MAS providers, based on each provider’s autonomy scores. The participants were 818 early adolescent Portuguese (M = 12.15; SD = .81; 54.2% girls) surveyed in a cross-sectional exploratory study about MAS provided by parents, teachers, and mentors. Descriptive analyses revealed levels of low (n = 81; 10.00%), moderate (n = 432; 52.82%), and high (n = 302; 36.91%) TMAS. A k-cluster analysis revealed four MASA groups: low attuned MAS (n = 128; 15.65), misattuned MAS/low attuned parent autonomy support (n = 225; 27.51%), misattuned MAS/low attuned teacher autonomy support (n = 177; 21.64%), and high attuned MAS (n = 288; 32.21%). Ordinal regressions show that, after controlling for age, a pattern of high attuned MAS predicts better prospects of prosocial behavior and selfregulation, as opposed to high levels of TMAS. In addition, MASA involving low teacher autonomy support predicts the worst results on the selected indicators of social development.
- Out of sight is not out of mind: Associations between perceived maternal attachment and self-representations of youth in residential care moderated by sex and agePublication . Ferreira, Margarida; Calheiros, M M; Silva, Carla; Magalhães, EuniceThe present study aimed to explore the associations between perceived maternal attachment and self-representations of youth in residential care (RC), considering the potential moderator role of youth’s sex and age and the potential concurrent effect of frequency and type of family visits and length of time in RC. To this end, a sample of 659 youth aged 11–18 (M = 15.65, SD = 1.72) from RC settings filled out self-report questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions of maternal attachment and self-representations. Results indicated that lower perceived maternal attachment was associated with higher levels of global negative self-representations. Moreover, compared to young men, young women with lower levels of perceived maternal attachment perceived themselves as having more negative self-representations. No moderating effects of age were found. This study contributes to the literature in the field of RC with evidence regarding the association of perceived maternal attachment with self-representations and the moderating role of youth’s sex, which informs the development of interventions with this vulnerable population