SOCIUS - Documentos de Trabalho / SOCIUS - Working Papers
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- When COVID 19 came to town: remote work and human resources challenges by the organisational practices of the Portuguese institutionsPublication . Piteira, Margarida; Duarte, Rosana; Pinto, Pinto; Cervai, SaraThe pandemic scenario from 2020 to 2022 has cast a spotlight on remote work (RW). Thus, this recent past has brought a new reality to organizations and a novel way of organizing work. The results of the qualitative study for the Portuguese case of the EURECA Project are presented here. The guiding question of this research was, 'What role does remote work play in addressing the new challenges in human resources/career management arising from the Covid-19 pandemic scenario in Portuguese institutions?' The study followed a case study approach, based on the assumptions of practice-based theory. Ten Portuguese organizations were surveyed, with input from their directors or human resources representatives. The results highlight the new challenges faced by the hybrid work model, such as communication and ICT, internationalization and HR, workforce diversity, and team leadership, among others. Practical implications are also discussed, and some recommendations for these organizational practices are presented.
- Circular economy in the construction sector: a case studyPublication . Martins, Beatriz; Lopes, João Carlos; Mendes, IsabelO problema das alterações climáticas tem ganho relevância ao longo dos últimos anos devido aos seus efeitos nocivos na atmosfera e ecossistemas. Cada vez mais, organismos governamentais e não governamentais têm tomado importantes medidas no combate a este fenómeno, designadamente a União Europeia, que com o Pacto Ecológico Europeu pretende tornar a Europa no primeiro continente com impacto neutro no clima. Para atingir este objetivo, a maior fatia dos meios financeiros disponíveis, quer no PRR, quer no QFP 2021-2027, é dedicada à chamada “transição verde”. Este compromisso mostra o empenho europeu na questão climática e justifica o surgimento de diversos programas nesta área, nos últimos anos. É neste contexto que se situa o projeto Rebuild17: um projeto que aposta na implementação de um modelo de economia circular no setor da construção civil da Região Autónoma dos Açores. Tendo em conta que este é um dos setores que produz mais resíduos, a aposta na circularidade dos materiais, prolongando o ciclo de vida dos resíduos, não só resultará numa menor depleção e deterioração do meio ambiente, como também terá efeitos económicos positivos. Este trabalho pretende explorar o conceito de Economia Circular - objetivos, princípios e modelos - e a sua aplicação prática no setor da construção civil da Região Autónoma dos Açores, apresentando o projeto Rebuild17 e fazendo uma análise prospetiva dos seus impactos ambientais.
- Regressos de emigrantes portugueses, 2001-2011Publication . Oliveira, Isabel Tiago de; Candeias, Pedro; Peixoto, João; Malheiros, Jorge; Joana, AzevedoNa primeira década deste século (2001-2011) regressaram a Portugal pelo menos 233 mil emigrantes com naturalidade portuguesa. Mais de dois terços destes emigrantes regressaram de França, Suíça, Espanha, Reino Unido e Alemanha. Mais de três quartos voltaram durante a idade ativa, estando em idade de reforma menos de um quinto. Entre os que tinham 15 ou mais anos a escolaridade era tendencialmente baixa: quase 60% tinha no máximo o 9.º ano de escolaridade, menos de 30% o ensino secundário e pouco mais de 10% o ensino superior. Em termos de condição perante o trabalho, a situação mais frequente era a de emprego (mais de 40%), seguida da de reforma (cerca de 25%) e da de desemprego (pouco mais de 10%). Por último, dos emigrantes regressados que exerciam uma profissão, cerca de 80% era empregado por conta de outrem.
- Economics education : literacy or mind framing? : Evidence from a survey on the social building of trust in PortugalPublication . Graça, João Carlos; Loes, João Carlos; Correia, Rita GomesThis paper deals on the issue of whether or not studying economics has a relevant effect on molding the values and attitudes characteristic of the trust-building processes prevailing in a democratic society. Mainstream economics teaching, based on the self-interest model of rational, maximizing, individualistic representative agents, may well cause indoctrinating effects, creating or reinforcing both political conservatism and selfishness values and behaviors among economics students. This result is confirmed by most studies in relevant literature, but it may be otherwise explained by a so-called self-selection effect, suggesting that “economists are born, not made”. In this paper a contribution to this literature is made with more empirical evidence, namely the results of a survey entitled “Social Building of Trust in Portugal”, referring to a considerable diversity of samples (economics students, other students, ordinary citizens of two counties, urban and rural) and being applied in three different years: 2006, 2009 and 2012.
- Unemployment protection reforms in Southern European countries between 2004 and 2016 and the trade-off between efficiency and equityPublication . Arcanjo, Maria ManuelaEfficiency and equity are the two core objectives of unemployment protection schemes. Substantial academic production has focused on theoretically discussing the adverse effects of unemployment benefits as well as their empirical validation. However, the evaluations made of unemployment protection reforms, implemented in every European country, have not as a rule been based on these two state intervention objectives. Hence, this constitutes the main purpose of this article. To this end, we subjected the reform measures undertaken in four southern European countries between 2004 and 2016 to analysis. Three different profiles were identified: the Italian reforms improved both efficiency and equity; Portugal and Spain returned an opposite profile while in Greece, an improvement in efficiency was counterbalanced by a negative impact on equity.
- Information intermediaries in the social care market for the older populationPublication . Albuquerque, PaulaThe models for social care services for the older population have historically been substantially diverse in developed countries, ranging from those where the State had a dominant position to those where care was mainly provided by the family and some not-for-profit organizations. The recent trend, triggered in part by demographic change, is an increasingly mixed nature of this market, combining the four possible types of providers (family, not-for-profit sector, for-profit sector, and the State). Some countries converge to this model, increasing the importance of the provision by the State, while others approach it from a different direction, allowing for more provision by non-State sectors. Either way, the markets for social care for the older people are globally becoming diversified and fragmented, and care users, or those who have to choose a care provider face a complex task. This market structure is far from satisfying the perfect information ideal. In this paper we discuss the case for the centralisation and publication of information in the social care market, going beyond the rights-based approach and putting the efficiency argument assigned to improved information into perspective. The efficiency argument can be used in the context of any imperfect competition market, where supply is fragmented. Is social care different from car repair, for instance? We present the main arguments to support this market development and the respective limitations. The merit of the final option will depend largely on the efficiency of the creation of a central information intermediary, balancing its costs with the good use that people make of the material that is supplied. This good use is correlated with the improvement in the decisions of social care customers and how much this improvement is valued. We explore the possible information channels, discussing each one’s strengths and weaknesses, suggesting that a mix must be offered to reach consumers in order to ensure that information is actually used in decision-making.
- Factores determinantes das exportações portuguesas para Espanha : uma análise ao nível da empresaPublication . Lima, Joana C.; Faustino, Horácio C.Este estudo analisa a evolução das exportações portuguesas para Espanha e os seus factores determinantes no período 2004-2008, tendo por base uma amostra das 97 maiores empresas exportadoras para Espanha. O estudo utiliza vários indicadores económico-financeiros para caracterizar estas empresas e é feita a comparação entre as 5 maiores empresas e 5 pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) da amostra. A análise evidencia a concentração geográfica destas empresas nos distritos de Porto e Aveiro e o melhor desempenho das grandes empresas em termos de produtividade, rendibilidade dos capitais próprios e salário médio quando comparadas com as PMEs. Quanto ao estudo econométrico, que utiliza dados em painel, consideraram-se como variáveis explicativas teoricamente relevantes, o valor acrescentado bruto, os resultados líquidos, os capitais próprios, a dimensão da empresa, a remuneração e as despesas em investigação e desenvolvimento (I&D). Os resultados do modelo estimado confirmam a influência positiva destas variáveis sobre a variação das exportações, embora as despesas em I&D e as remunerações se tenham revelado estatisticamente não significativas.
- Beliefs, values and attitudes of Portuguese population and their relationship with human and social capitalPublication . Graça, João Carlos; Marques, Rafael; Lopes, João Carlos
- The topology of african exports : emerging patterns on spanning treesPublication . Araújo, Tanya; Ferreira, Manuel EnnesThis paper is a contribution to interweaving two lines of research that have progressed in separate ways: network analyses of international trade and the literature on African trade and development. Gathering empirical data on African countries has important limitations and so does the space occupied by African countries in the analyses of trade networks. Here, these limitations are dealt with by the definition of two independent bipartite networks: a destination share network and a commodity share network. These networks - together with their corresponding minimal span- ning trees - allow to uncover some ordering emerging from African exports in the broader context of international trade. The emerging patterns help to understand important characteristics of African exports and its binding relations to other economic, geographic and organizational concerns as the recent literature on African trade, development and growth has shown.
- Assessing the values of archaeological heritagePublication . Mendes, IsabelThe main aim of this paper involves contributing to the discussion around the value of archaeological heritage through the lens of an economist. The path taken to achieve this main goal included three objectives. Firstly, there is the contribution towards clarifying the concept of archaeological heritage benefits by highlighting the complexity that stems directly from its holistic characteristic. Secondly, this also contributes to assessments of archaeological heritage economic and social benefits and values by demonstrating how they may be captured by means of a single variable measured in monetary units. Furthermore, and thirdly, this then helps explain how such a monetary variable may prove of use both to cultural heritage management for sustainable preservation and conservation improvement, and to the appraisal of the total private and public benefits arising out of preservation and conservation archaeologic heritage programs.