Browsing by Author "Martins, Fernando"
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- Abbreviations and symbols in a large sample of medicinal package leaflets: automatic detection and comprehension assessmentPublication . Pires, Carla; Vigário, Marina; Martins, Fernando; Cavaco, AfonsoMedicines package leaflets (PL) need to be clear and comprehensible, according to legal recommendations. Abbreviations and symbols (A&S) are not recommended since their use may lead to misunderstandings and medication errors. Objectives: 1) identify, typify and quantify all A&S in a large sample of Portuguese PL, 2) detect discrepancies between these A&S and regulations, and 3) assess how educated individuals interpret A&S found in Portuguese PL. Methods: descriptive and exploratory study. Descriptive study - 531 PL were visually inspected in order to identify all A&S and a computer tool was programmed to count these A&S. All A&S were typified according to classificatory groups (e.g. abbreviations of diseases names) and evaluated according to the regulations. Exploratory study - the interpretation of 373 A&S by 26 undergraduates was assessed with a questionnaire. Results: 828 different A&S were identified (6407 occurrences). The average number of A&S per PL was 12.1 (SD=13.1). Thirteen classificatory groups were built. Non-compliant A&S were found. Only a very low percentage of responses was correct (9.9%). Conclusion: A&S were prevalent in PL, contrary to the international recommendations. A significant number of technical A&S was unfamiliar to a group of educated people. Automatic tools and procedures regarding these readability features should be developed in order to validate PL’s compliance with regulations.
- Basic research in phonology, resources and applications: the case of frequencyPublication . Vigário, Marina; Martins, Fernando; Cruz, Marisa; Paulino, Nuno; Frota, SóniaÉ crescente a valorização da conversão do conhecimento fundamental desenvolvido pelos cientistas em produtos concretos, socialmente relevantes. No Laboratório de Fonética da Universidade de Lisboa tem-se trabalhado nos últimos anos tanto em domínios de investigação fundamental, como de investigação aplicada. Neste artigo é feita uma revisão dos principais recursos recentemente disponibilizados à comunidade por este Laboratório visando o acesso a informação sobre frequência fonológica e lexical. São sumariamente apresentados, em particular, as aplicações informáticas para extração de informação de frequência fonológica e lexical FreP (V2016) e FreLex, a base de dados alargada FrePOP (agora sobre um corpus de cerca de 2 milhões de palavras), e 3 novos léxicos, o FrePOP Lexicon (frequência lexical num corpus de 3 milhões de palavras), o PLEX5 – Um léxico Infantil para o Português Europeu e o CDS_EP – Frequência lexical nos dados de fala dirigida à criança da FrePOP (0;11 a 3;04 ). São ainda revistos estudos recentes que fizeram uso destes recursos, ilustrando a sua utilidade em domínios de investigação fundamental e aplicada.
- Consequências da composição corporal na produção do Português Europeu: estudo de resultados preliminaresPublication . Franco, Débora; Andrea, Mário; Fragoso, Marisa Isabel; Teles, Júlia; Martins, FernandoWe found that production parameters of a European Portuguese corpus are influenced by body composition: more prominently in the frequency parameters (f0, DP f0 and formants), perturbation parameters and noise parameters, for vowel segments [a] and [i]. We concluded that extralinguistic patterns of voice quality were significantly correlated with body composition and somatotype. The vocal quality characterization of a speaker can allow the identification of his particular phonetic settings and the use of his anatomic mechanism, during speech.
- Consumer price-setting behaviour : evidence from Food CPI MicrodataPublication . Martins, Fernando; Quelhas, JoãoThis paper studies the price-setting behaviour in food products, using the microdata underlying the Portuguese Consumer Price Index (CPI). We document that, on average, more than onequarter of food prices changed every month and half displayed price spells shorter than 5.3 months. Positive price changes were more frequent and had a higher magnitude than price decreases. There is a strong heterogeneity across type of industry and outlet. We find that, from 2009 to 2019, food inflation was primarily driven by the frequency of price changes rather than the magnitude, and price changes were more frequent at the producer than at the consumer level, but in a lower magnitude. Finally, we report that frequency and magnitude estimates are higher when using daily online price data, meaning that intra-month patterns in price dynamics, not captured by the official inflation statistics, are relevant.
- A Fonética Forense na produção de prova no ordenamento jurídico português: o parâmetro do pré-vozeamentoPublication . Martins, Fernando; Simões, Deolinda Reis; Brissos, Fernando; Rodrigues, CelesteNeste artigo, são abordados dois temas principais: o valor da perícia em julgamento e o estudo de um parâmetro, o pré-vozeamento, em fonética forense. O valor probatório da perícia está já consagrado no ordenamento jurídico português, na medida em que o juiz se encontra vinculado às conclusões do relatório pericial. Porém, é defendida a perspectiva de que são necessários novos parâmetros a serem incluídos nas perícias forenses. Propomos a inclusão do pré-vozeamento, que preenche os requisitos suficientes para o fortalecimento do valor da perícia como prova em juízo. Existem condições para que o valor de prova da fonética forense seja cada vez mais forte, atendendo ao crescente número de escutas telefónicas realizadas pelas autoridades judiciais e à possibilidade de se encontrarem parâmetros de análise da voz cada vez mais eficazes.
- Frequência na Fonologia do Português: recursos e aplicaçõesPublication . Vigário, Marina; Frota, Sónia; Martins, Fernando; Cruz, Marisa
- A frequência que conta na aquisição da fonologia: types ou tokens?Publication . Vigário, Marina; Frota, Sónia; Martins, FernandoWe examine the frequency of a number of phonological units and patterns in European Portuguese, computed over tokens and over types, in adult speech, and compare it with the frequency and/or order of emergence of those units and patterns in children’s early speech. We conclude that, whenever frequency information based on tokens and on types does not converge, it is always the frequency computed over tokens that correlates with the frequency patterns and/or order of emergence of those units/patterns in child speech. This investigation contributes to the understanding of the role of frequency in language acquisition, in addition to providing new frequency data for Portuguese.
- Fronteiras do vozeamento na identificação do falantePublication . Martins, Fernando; Rodrigues, Celeste; Brissos, FernandoThis paper aims at testing a new parameter of acoustic analysis of speech to be used in forensic phonetic analysis. We state the following hypothesis: Prevoicing values depend on speaker physiological and motion abilities and are part of his profile. We describe the results of the acoustic analysis of speech of fourteen European Portuguese speakers and we compare them to a real forensic case. Our results show that Prevoicing is clearly a cue for speaker identity and, consequently, it must be included in acoustic forensic evaluation reports.
- Genetic predictors of poor prognosis in Portuguese patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: data from Reuma.ptPublication . Mourão, Ana; Santos, Maria; Mendonça, Sílvia; Oliveira-Ramos, Filipa; Salgado, Manuel; Estanqueiro, Paula; Melo-Gomes, José; Martins, Fernando; Lopes, Ana; Bettencourt, Bruno Filipe; Bruges-Armas, Jácome; Costa, José; Furtado, Carolina; Figueira, Ricardo; Brito, Iva; Branco, Jaime; Fonseca, João Eurico; Canhao, HelenaIntroduction: This study aimed to assess the genetic determinants of poor outcome in Portuguese patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Our study was conducted in Reuma.pt, the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register, which includes patients with JIA. We collected prospectively patient and disease characteristics and a blood sample for DNA analysis. Poor prognosis was defined as CHAQ/HAQ >0.75 at the last visit and/or the treatment with biological therapy. A selected panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility was studied to verify if there was association with poor prognosis. Results: Of the 812 patients with JIA registered in Reuma.pt, 267 had a blood sample and registered information used to define "poor prognosis." In univariate analysis, we found significant associations with poor prognosis for allele A of TNFA1P3/20 rs6920220, allele G of TRAF1/C5 rs3761847, and allele G of PTPN2 rs7234029. In multivariate models, the associations with TRAF1/C5 (1.96 [1.17-3.3]) remained significant at the 5% level, while TNFA1P3/20 and PTPN2 were no longer significant. Nevertheless, none of associations found was significant after the Bonferroni correction was applied. Conclusion: Our study does not confirm the association between a panel of selected SNP and poor prognosis in Portuguese patients with JIA.
- Into the heterogeneities in the Portuguese labour market : an empirical assessmentPublication . Martins, Fernando; Seward, DomingosThis paper provides a comprehensive study of the heterogeneity in the Portuguese labour market. We use Labour Force Survey microdata covering a complete business cycle, from 1998:1 to 2018:1, to evaluate the labour market attachment of several labour states and assess the most suitable allocation of individuals across statuses. We also evaluate the adequacy of the conventional unemployment criteria. Following the relevant strand of literature on this topic, we apply an evidence-based categorisation of labour market status by exploiting the information on the results of the behaviour of non-employed. To that end, we use multinomial and binary logit models of the determinants of transitions of workers across labour market states to test for the equivalence between non-employed groups. We conclude that heterogeneity is an evident feature of the Portuguese labour market, both between and within the conventional non-employment states. In particular, we find that the status comprising those inactive workers which want work constitutes a distinct state in the labour market and displays a transition behaviour closer to unemployment than to the group of inactive workers which do not want work. Moreover, the classification as inactive workers of individuals which report "waiting" as a reason for not having searched for a job, those individuals who have searched for a job but are still considered to be out-of-the-labour-force, as well as those individuals which are due to start work in more than three months might not be reasonable, since they show considerable attachment to the labour market and we reject the pooling of such states with their counterparts.