Browsing by Author "Lopes, Margarida Chagas"
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- A comprehensive approach towards academic failure : the case of Mathematics I in ISEG graduationPublication . Lopes, Margarida Chagas; Fernandes, Graça LeãoDespite the enormous progress in graduation completion rates along the last decade, academic failure in Portuguese Higher Education is still attracting concern. This is particularly true for some 1st. year critical subjects as Mathematics. Most research and analyses on the issue are focused upon either the “academic” or the “non academic” determinants of failure whilst it becomes more and more obvious that the explanation, or at least an important part of it, resides in the interaction between those two sets of features. Having developed previous research on the basis of the former factors to elucidate failure rate in ISEG graduation, we are now analyzing the joint influence of both kind of determinants. For that purpose we rely upon students’ information retrieved from ISEG Pedagogical Observatory Database and the outputs of a Survey on Attitudes Towards Mathematics 1 (SATM 1) which has been especially redesigned and addressed to 1st. year students.
- Education, development and knowledge : new forms of unequal change under globalization : the case of SSA countriesPublication . Lopes, Margarida ChagasOne of the leading mismatches brought about by globalization has to do with the severe opposition between the national frameworks in which qualifications and skills are being developed and the wider international contexts in which they are increasingly utilized and reproduced. This gulf becomes almost impossible to overcome and imposes a growing inequality in the access to knowledge in the global economy as the prevalent forms of economic regulation are rendered obsolete. The limitations displayed by national systems of education and training interact with the growing insufficiencies in the performance of labor market and innovation hetero regulators. As a result, increasing flows of excluded workers have been paving the ways between the new global development centers and the emerging new peripheries. O fosso alargado entre os espaços nacionais de criação e desenvolvimento de competências e a economia global onde elas cada vez mais se expressam e reproduzem, constitui uma das principais fontes de desajustamento inerentes à globalização. Aquele fosso, virtualmente impossível de ultrapassar, projecta-se numa desigualdade sem precedentes nas condições de acesso ao conhecimento na economia global, tanto mais quanto os reguladores económicos tradicionais se encontram em falência. Com efeito, às insuficiências dos sistemas nacionais de educação e formação associa-se a crescente incapacidade dos reguladores externos dos mercados de trabalho e dos sistemas de inovação. A grande resultante é o fluxo sustentado de trabalhadores excluídos que as relações desiguais entre os novos centros desenvolvidos e as novas periferias vão contribuindo para engrossar.
- Education,vocational training and R&D: Towards new forms of labor market regulationPublication . Lopes, Margarida ChagasLabor market regulation and its relations with education and training have been performing an historical trajectory which closely intertwined with developments in economic thought. Under the form of human capital theories, neo-classical economics set the bridge between labor market equilibrium and education outputs for decades. The functionalist approach behind that lasting relationship was to be challenged by economic crises and globalization, which imposed the unquestionable supremacy of the demand for skilled work. Likewise, even if only that more strict perspective of education would prevail, which fortunately is not the case, time and hazard came to undertake its denigration on the grounds of a severe loss of regulatory efficiency as globalization was setting up. In this paper we shed light on the increasing role which innovation is called to perform in labor market hetero regulation in the present phase of globalization. Depending on the institutional design throughout which R&D become embedded in nowadays societies, evidence clearly reveals how innovation strategies are to be found so asymmetrically implemented between developed and developing countries, thereby leading to the enlarging divide between the "new North" and "new South" globalization off springs.
- Employment and sustainable development: education, training and R&D in the regulation of the labour marketPublication . Kovács, Ilona; Lopes, Margarida ChagasSustainable development has been considered in various discourses as the answer to the economic, social and ecological crisis. However, its principles are far from being implemented. The dominant model of society giving priority to financial capital and short term profitability in the context of globalization and market deregulation involves social disinvestment, increasing inequalities and exclusion, that is to say non sustainable development. We argue that sustainable development requires an orientation towards human needs, social and ecological sustainability and consequently a break with the prevailing model of society and learning and knowledge sharing within modern societies. In the first section we confront the "market driven work society", which is embedded in the neo-liberal paradigm with the alternative model of the "humanized work society", which aims to dignify work, enhance quality of working life and skills development. The next sections focus on long trend and new forms of labour market regulation and the role successively played by Education, Vocational Training and - desirably -Innovation in that regulation process. We stress that sustainable development imply an effective upgrading of work and skills, requiring adequate structural education, training and R&D policies.
- Gender matters in scientific and technological fields: time as a biased resourcePublication . Casaca, Sara Falcão; Lopes, Margarida Chagas
- How many attempts until success in some core 1st. year disciplines?Publication . Fernandes, Graça Leão; Silva, João Andrade e; Lopes, Margarida ChagasDue to a general development in education brought about by democracy, Portugal has witnessed tremendous development in Higher Education (HE) since the beginning of the 1980s. Nevertheless, the percentage of graduates among the Portuguese population still ranks far below most European countries. This is why academic performance in HE 1st cycle matters so much and warrants a careful analysis of the main determinants for failure. Life cycle theories are taken as our main theoretical framework. This paper worked with Individual semi-longitudinal data on ISEG students retrieved from the School Pedagogic Observatory Database. The number of attempts until the successful completion of two 1st year disciplines (Mathematics I and Economics I) was the chosen proxy for failure. A discrete-time survival model was used. To deal with the unobserved heterogeneity a random variable was introduced - frailty - in the linear part of the model. A normal distribution was assumed in the estimation of a logit panel data model with random effects. As expected, students took longer to achieve success in Mathematics 1 than in Economics 1. Gender, degree course, the track followed in upper-secondary, and the application mark to enter HE are among the significant determinants of success in Mathematics 1 and Economics 1.
- Is public education viable? A brief critical review of neoliberalism in education with a special focus on the portuguese situationPublication . Lopes, Margarida ChagasAs well as in other social domains, neoliberalism has been invading education. This trend is leading to a general commodification and to the progressive substitution of some basic values, as the equality of opportunities, by efficiency and competitiveness. At the same time, education policies become more and more shaped by strict economic principles, reflecting the training acquired by decision makers in economics and economics of education courses. That is why we reject, as a critical social scientist, the view that the viability of public education could be discussed uniquely on the grounds of mainstream public economics criteria. On the contrary, that discussion must allow critical pedagogies and alternative approaches to express themselves. Also mainstream clichés must be systematically criticized, as we exemplify in the domain of economics of education. Actually, those are the indispensable complimentary pathways throughout which we can return to education its full meaning as a social service; and also to economics of education its legitimacy as a social science.
- La profession et la formation profissionelle contre l'egalité des chances? Une réflexion sur le Portugal.Publication . Lopes, Margarida ChagasLes analyses qui portent sur la constitution de la qualification des ouvriers tout le long de leur vie active, considèrent d'habitude trois facteurs qualificatives par excéllence: l'éducation de base, la formation professionnelles et l'experience profissionnelles. Dans cette comunication on dégage les résultats de ces deux dernières fonctions qualificantes eu s'appuyant sur les données d'une enquête menée au Portugal auprés de 1200 salaries.
- Mudança de empresa em ciclo de vida (Esboço de um projecto de investigação)Publication . Lopes, Margarida ChagasThe main purpose of this draft consists of the analysis of the role played by changing firm during the process of constitution of the workers qualification, throught learning by doing all allong working life cycles. Some conclusions for Portugal were made possible on the basis of some pannel data and are also presented.
- As novas qualificações e a formação profissional: uma leitura da experiência portuguesaPublication . Lopes, Margarida ChagasEste paper tem como objectivo central a análise da contribuicão das acções de formação profissional para a constituição das novas qualificações no actual do mercado de trabalho português. Para tal começa por situar , na Parte I os principais parâmetros de referência daquele conceito posto o que passa em revista - ao longo da Parte II – os principais resultados das acções de formação face aquele objectivo , evidenciando os seus traços dominantes à luz da informação estatística disponível.