Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Rui"
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- Cartografia de uso/ocupação do solo por fotointerpretação: um exemplo de análise sobre o concelho de OeirasPublication . Abrantes, Ana; Carvalho, Rui; Farinha, Nuno; Morgado, Paulo; Pereira, Hugo; Rocha, JorgeO artigo pretende demonstrar como as evoluções tecnológicas e científicas têm contribuído para um melhor conhecimento dos fenómenos que decorrem à superfície terrestre, e consequentemente para um mais correcto ordenamento do território. Nele se expõem alguns dos métodos e técnicas que se foram desenvolvendo e experimentando no decurso dum projecto1 de monitorização da evolução do uso do solo para área metropolitana de Lisboa. O que aqui se relata não são somente os procedimentos técnicos relativos à fotointerpretação de fotografias aéreas verticais, e consequente produção da cartografia de uso do solo, mas também uma proposta metodológica para análise, quer quantitativa, quer qualitativa da dinâmica de uso do solo, para os anos de 1991 e 1995. Para sua concretização recorreu-se às Tecnologias de Informação Geográfica (TIG), em que a integração de informação geográfica proveniente dos processos de fotointerpretação e análise espacial por aplicação de algoritmos complexos, mediante acesso a avançados programas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), é realizado com relativa facilidade e em tempo útil. A área teste é um extracto do território do concelho de Oeiras, escolhida por duas razões: proximidade física, que permitiu as várias visitas ao terreno; e o facto de se tratar de uma área periurbana, onde a heterogeneidade de usos do solo é rica e é sabido terem ocorrido um conjunto significativo de transformações para os anos em estudo. O exercício foi desenvolvido no decurso dos trabalhos práticos da cadeira de Cartografia Temática do curso de licenciatura em Geografia, variante de Cartografia e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa.
- Development of a GIS for the “Celebration of Coastal Culture”Publication . Souto, Henrique; Gomes, Nuno; Carvalho, RuiThis paper aims to present some results of the project “Celebração da Cultura Costeira” (“Celebration of Coastal Culture”) (CCC), financed by the European Economic Area (EEA) Grants and the Sines municipality. It is this project’s purpose to identify, catalogue and permanently make available on the Internet information concerning local and regional maritime-fluvial cultural heritage, thus creating a “Patrimonial” Geographic Information System (GIS) – compiling information gathered through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and in-depth interviews with local actors – to be accessible by the targeted coastal communities and the relevant political and social institutions. The conceptual broadening of this GIS into a Web-GIS platform – by means of making it accessible to the general public – is believed to have a great potential in what concerns the creation of coherent and well-organized touristic offer about the fishing communities cultural heritage thus promoting these communities social and economic development and the fulfilment of their conservational role in their coastal dwelling and fishing areas.
- A economia do futuro: a visão de cidadãos, empresários e autarcasPublication . Ferrão, João; Ramos, Alice; Mourato, João; Pato, João Howell; Bina, Olivia; Carvalho, Rui
- Gentrification, residential ethnicization and the social production of fragmented space in two multi-ethnic neighbourhoods of Lisbon and BilbaoPublication . Malheiros, Jorge; Carvalho, Rui; Mendes, LuisSimultaneous trends for ethnicization and gentrification are contributing to the fragmentation of contemporary urban spaces. This is characterised by the emergence of new social and urban units that break the homogeneity of the modern city and lead to the development of new networks, territorially discontinuous, less neighbourhood centred and with a limited intersection. With Mouraria (Lisbon, Portugal) and San Francisco (Bilbao, Spain), two traditional and multiethnic neighbourhoods, as case-studies this paper aims to critically discuss the nature of gentrification, its coexistence with ethnicization and its contribution for socio-urban fragmentation. The empirical analysis of the residents’ social networks will be used to test levels and types of interaction and the spatial formats they assume.
- A Gruta da Oliveira (Torres Novas): uma jazida de referência para o Paleolítico Médio da Península IbéricaPublication . Zilhão, João; Angelucci, Diego E.; Aubry, Thierry; Badal, Ernestina; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Carvalho, Rui; Gameiro, Cristina; Hoffmann, Dirk L.; Matias, Henrique; Maurício, João; Nabais, Mariana; Pike, Alistair W. G.; Póvoas, Liliana; Richter, Daniel; Souto, Pedro; Trinkaus, Erik; Wainer, Karine; Willman, JohnA Gruta da Oliveira é uma jazida do Paleolítico Médio descoberta em 1989 no quadro da exploração espeleoarqueológica do sistema cársico da nascente do rio Almonda. Uma vez desobstruído o espesso abatimento brechificado que selava a respectiva entrada, puderam escavar-se, entre 1992 e 2012, os ~9 m de estratificação arqueológica subjacente. Além de uma indústria lítica em sílex, quartzo e quartzito totalizando mais de 25.000 objectos, de restos do Homem de Neandertal, e de estruturas de combustão, os depósitos também forneceram abundantes restos de microfauna, fauna e carvão de madeira. Datada do intervalo ~35 -105 ka por Radiocarbono, Urânio -Tório e Termoluminescência, esta sucessão é uma referência para o estudo paleoambiental e paleoantropológico do Plistocénico Superior da Península Ibérica.
- Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblagesPublication . Malumbres‐Olarte, Jagoba; Rigal, François; Girardello, Marco; Cardoso, Pedro; Crespo, Luís Carlos; Amorim, Isabel R.; Arnedo, Miquel; Boieiro, Mário; Carvalho, José Carlos; Carvalho, Rui; Gabriel, Rosalina; Lamelas‐Lopez, Lucas; López, Heriberto; Paulo, Octávio S.; Pereira, Fernando; Pérez‐Delgado, Antonio J.; Rego, Carla; Romeiras, Maria; Ros‐Prieto, Alejandra; Oromí, Pedro; Vieira, Ana; Emerson, Brent C.; Borges, Paulo A. V.Aim Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. Location The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). Taxon Spiders (Araneae). Methods We established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non-parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD. Results Communities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests. Main conclusions Habitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies.
- Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across-scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblagesPublication . Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Rigal, François; Girardello, Marco; Cardoso, Pedro; Crespo, Luís Carlos; Amorim, Isabel R.; Arnedo, Miquel; Boieiro, Mário; Carvalho, José Carlos; Carvalho, Rui; Gabriel, Rosalina; Lamelas-Lopez, Lucas; López, Heriberto; Paulo, Octávio S.; Pereira, Fernando; Pérez-Delgado, António J.; Rego, Carla; Romeiras, Maria M.; Ros-Prieto, Alejandra; Oromi, Pedro; Vieira, Ana; Emerson, Brent C.Aim: Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. Location: The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). Taxon: Spiders (Araneae) Methods: We established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non-parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD. Results: Communities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests. Main conclusions: Habitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies
- Inventory of tiger- and ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Caraboidea, Cicindelidae and Carabidae) in two sampling seasons of the Gorongosa National Park, MozambiquePublication . Serrano, Artur; Baptista, Martim; Carvalho, Rui; Boieiro, Mário; Mendes, Sara; Bartz, Marie; Timóteo, Sérgio; Azevedo-Pereira, Henrique; Aguiar, Carlos; Alves da Silva, António; Alves, Joana; Briones, Maria; Borges, P.A.V.; Sousa, José; Martins da Silva, PedroBackground The Gorongosa National Park (Mozambique) is one of the most emblematic protected areas in Africa, well known for its vertebrate biodiversity and restoration ecology efforts following the Mozambican civil war in 1992. The invertebrate biodiversity of Gorongosa National Park is still poorly studied, although the scarce information available indicates the existence of a rich number of species, namely in the case of tiger- and ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Caraboidea). Moreover, the study of arthropod assemblages is key for designing conservation practices since they are potentially accurate biodiversity and ecological indicators. Hence, the diversity assessment of Caraboidea beetles using standardised methodologies is likely to provide a new insight for future conservation planning and help to quantify the effects of climate change in areas identified as vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, such as the Gorongosa National Park. New information We report the occurrence of five tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) and 93 ground-beetles (Carabidae) species/morphospecies in Gorongosa National Park from a field survey funded by the ECOASSESS project. Sampling was performed in the four main habitat types present in the Park (miombo tropical forest, mixed dry forest, transitional forest and grasslands) between 25 October and 25 November 2019. In this sampling window, the turnover of Caraboidea species from the dry season to the wet season was recorded for the first time. Twenty-eight species of ground-beetles are new records to Mozambique, including three new subgenera and three new genera. Additional information on species phenology and habitat preferences is also provided.
- Mobilidade urbana e cidadesPublication . Mourato, João Morais; Carvalho, Rui
- New data on the transition from the Gravettian to the Solutrean on Portuguese EstremaduraPublication . Almeida, Francisco; Matias, Henrique; Carvalho, Rui; Pereira, Telmo; Pinto, Adelaide; Holliday, TrentonFrom an anthropological perspective, the passage from the Gravettian to the Solutrean is one of the most interesting transition periods in Old World Prehistory. Between 22 kyr BP and 21 kyr BP, during the beginning stages of the Last Glacial Maximum, Iberia and Southwest France witness a process of substitution of a Pan-European Technocomplex—the Gravettian—to one of the first examples of regionalism by Anatomically Modern Humans in the European continent—the Solutrean. While the question of the origins of the Solutrean is almost as old as its first definition, the process under which it substituted the Gravettian started to be readdressed, both in Portugal and in France, after the mid 1990’s. Two chronological models for the transition have been advanced, but until very recently the lack of new archaeological contexts of the period, and the fact that the many of the sequences have been drastically affected by post depositional disturbances during the Lascaux event, prevented their systematic evaluation. Between 2007 and 2009, and in the scope of mitigation projects, archaeological fieldwork has been carried in three open air sites—Terra do Manuel (Rio Maior), Portela 2 (Leiria), and Calvaria 2 (Porto de Mós) whose stratigraphic sequences date precisely to the beginning stages of the LGM. Together with the multidisciplinary data from the Lapedo Valley rock shelter sites—Abrigo do Lagar Velho and Abrigo do Alecrim, under excavation since 1998—they allow us not only to re-evaluate the existing models for the transition, but also to enlarge the criteria of comparison between Gravettian and Solutrean in Portuguese Estremadura to subsistence strategies, mobility patterns, and inter-site functional variability.