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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A doença dentária é uma das doenças dos coelhos de estimação mais frequentemente observadas nos centros de atendimento médico-veterinários. É uma síndrome progressiva, que gradualmente provoca alterações dos dentes e dos tecidos vizinhos.
O diagnóstico desta doença é baseado na observação da cavidade oral. No entanto, dadas as suas limitações deste tipo de diagnóstico, tornam-se necessários exames imagiológicos, tais como a radiografia e a tomografia computorizada. Estas modalidades imagiológicas fornecem informações sobre as alterações presentes, permitindo também estadiar a doença. A tomografia computorizada permite fazer uma reconstrução tridimensional da imagem, ultrapassando a sobreposição de estruturas anatómicas do exame radiográfico.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o contributo da tomografia computorizada no diagnóstico da doença dentária nos coelhos domésticos. Neste estudo realizado entre 2019 e 2020, foram incluídos 18 coelhos com doença dentária, sujeitos a um exame de tomografia computorizada à região do crânio, 10 dos quais foram sujeitos à administração de meio de contraste por via endovenosa.
Os resultados demonstram que as alterações mais frequentemente observadas no exame tomográfico são o sobrecrescimento apical, osteólise e alteração da curvatura dos dentes no plano transversal. Alterações da estrutura anatómica do dente e sinais de infeção ocorrem apenas em estádios mais avançados da doença dentária.
Foi também possível constatar que a densidade do tecido ósseo, na mandíbula (p=0,016) e maxila (p<0,001), tem uma tendência negativa com o estadiamento da doença dentária, sugerindo que existe uma perda de tecido ósseo à medida que a doença dentária progride.
A concordância do estadiamento da doença dentária entre diferentes pares de quadrantes foi moderada (p<0,001), indicando uma assincronia no desenvolvimento desta doença nos coelhos.
A tomografia computorizada é um exame complementar essencial para o diagnóstico da doença dentária nos coelhos, permitindo recolher muita informação útil, não só para o diagnóstico, mas também para procedimentos cirúrgicos ou prognóstico.
ABSTRACT - Computed tomography (CT) study of bone and dental findings in dental disease in domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) – Retrospective study - One of the most frequently observed diseases in domestic rabbit is dental disease. It is a progressive syndrome, which gradually, changes teeth and its surrounding tissues. For the diagnosis of this disease, the oral cavity is examined. However,, given the limitations of such diagnosis, imaging techniques such as radiography and computed tomography are often required. These imaging modalities give information about present lesions, and also allow to grade the disease. Computed tomography can recreate a tridimensional image, overcoming the overlapping of anatomical structures seen in conventional radiography. The objective of the present study is to assess the contribution of computed tomography to the diagnosis of dental disease in domestic rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits with dental disease were included in this study, from 2019 to 2020, all of which underwent a skull computed tomography scan. In 10 cases, an intravenous contrast media was administrated. The results show that the most frequent findings in CT are apical elongation, osteolysis and changing of the tooth curvature in a transverse plane. Lesions of the anatomical structure of the tooth and infection signs only occur in more advanced stages of dental disease. It was also possible to assess the bone density, in the mandible (p=0,016) and maxilla (p<0,001), which has a negative tendency with stage of the dental disease, suggesting there is a bone loss as dental disease progress. Agreement in staging dental disease between dental quadrants pairs was moderate (p<0,001), indicating there is an asynchrony in the development of this disease in rabbits. Computed tomography is an essential complementary exam for the diagnosis of dental disease in rabbits, allowing for the collection of useful information, not only for the diagnosis, but also for surgical procedures or prognosis.
ABSTRACT - Computed tomography (CT) study of bone and dental findings in dental disease in domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) – Retrospective study - One of the most frequently observed diseases in domestic rabbit is dental disease. It is a progressive syndrome, which gradually, changes teeth and its surrounding tissues. For the diagnosis of this disease, the oral cavity is examined. However,, given the limitations of such diagnosis, imaging techniques such as radiography and computed tomography are often required. These imaging modalities give information about present lesions, and also allow to grade the disease. Computed tomography can recreate a tridimensional image, overcoming the overlapping of anatomical structures seen in conventional radiography. The objective of the present study is to assess the contribution of computed tomography to the diagnosis of dental disease in domestic rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits with dental disease were included in this study, from 2019 to 2020, all of which underwent a skull computed tomography scan. In 10 cases, an intravenous contrast media was administrated. The results show that the most frequent findings in CT are apical elongation, osteolysis and changing of the tooth curvature in a transverse plane. Lesions of the anatomical structure of the tooth and infection signs only occur in more advanced stages of dental disease. It was also possible to assess the bone density, in the mandible (p=0,016) and maxilla (p<0,001), which has a negative tendency with stage of the dental disease, suggesting there is a bone loss as dental disease progress. Agreement in staging dental disease between dental quadrants pairs was moderate (p<0,001), indicating there is an asynchrony in the development of this disease in rabbits. Computed tomography is an essential complementary exam for the diagnosis of dental disease in rabbits, allowing for the collection of useful information, not only for the diagnosis, but also for surgical procedures or prognosis.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Keywords
Coelho Doença dentária Tomografia computorizada Sinais tomográficos Estadiamento Rabbit Dental disease Computed tomography Tomography findings Staging
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Nascimento DEDM. 2021. Estudo tomográfico das alterações ósseas e dentárias na doença dentária dos coelhos de estimação (Oryctolagus cuniculus) : estudo restrospetivo [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária