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A Governance dos Transportes Públicos Urbanos em Moçambique : estudo de caso da Empresa Municipal de Transportes Rodoviários de Maputo, EMTPM, E.P., na Área Metropolitana de Maputo
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Resumo(s)
Este estudo procura refletir sobre as dinâmicas da governação dos transportes públicos na região metropolitana de Maputo com base na análise de um dos provedores - a Empresa Municipal de Transportes Rodoviários de Maputo - e do ponto de vista dos seus stakeholders (utentes e colaboradores). Procura-se determinar o grau de satisfação desses stakeholders com o serviço e identificar os indicadores que julgam importantes para a melhoria da qualidade do serviço. Adotamos o método misto para combinar as fontes de dados qualitativas (entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e análise documental) e quantitativas (inquéritos aos utentes e colaboradores). A opção metodológica pela realização de um estudo de caso permitiu produzir um conhecimento mais aprofundado que poderá servir de base para uma compreensão do funcionamento das Empresas Públicas e da sua capacidade para fornecer serviços que satisfaçam o interesse público. Os resultados desta investigação, com base na EMTPM, EP, mostram que o quadro institucional e legal das Empresas Públicas e os seus mecanismos de controlo e supervisão pelo poder público, agravados pelo imperativo do cumprimento do papel social e político das empresas – que muitas vezes é superior aos requisitos de profissionalização e rendibilidade das EP‘s - limitam a sua competitividade, inovação e desenvolvimento. Estas condicionantes resultam na escolha de outros modelos de desenvolvimento do sector por parte do Estado, nomeadamente as parcerias público-privadas com operadores da concorrência no setor privado – as cooperativas de transportadores. Por outro lado, decorrente da fragilidade da EMTPM, EP, de um modo geral, os utentes estão insatisfeitos com os serviços desta empresa nos seguintes indicadores: cumprimento de horários, tempos de viagem e quantidade de autocarros em circulação (confiança); limpeza dos autocarros (conforto); respeito pela lotação (segurança); estrutura dos autocarros (escadas de acesso) inadequada para pessoas com mobilidade reduzida (acessibilidade); cortesia da tripulação, facilidade de apresentação de reclamações e, capacidade do motorista e cobrador resolver problemas (comunicação).
This study is concerned with the dynamics of governance of public transports in the metropolitan area of Maputo. It is based on the case of one of the public transport providers in the city, the Maputo Municipal Public Transport Company and on the analysis of its stakeholders (passengers and employees) perception about its functioning. It seeks to their level of satisfaction with the service and to identify indicators that may be used for the improvement of the service quality. In the study, we adopted a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative (semi-structured interviews, direct observation and document analysis) and quantitative data (surveys to users and employees). By opting for the development of the case study about Maputo Municipal Public Transport Company, we were able to capture in-depth knowledge that can serve as a basis for a wide understanding of the operation of state-owned enterprises and their capacity to provide public services that meet citizen‘s needs. The results of this research, considering the case of the EMTPM, EP, show that the institutional and legal framework of state-owned enterprises and the control and oversight mechanisms by the government exacerbate the imperative of fulfilling a social and political role. This imperative exceeds the professionalization and profitability requirements for any state-owned enterprise, and it has been constraining the competitiveness of public companies in what regards innovation and development. This ultimately results in the State's option for another development model to overcome the current public transport problems - the public-private partnerships with competitors from the private sector. Due to this weakness of EMTPM, EP, in general, passengers are dissatisfied with the services of this company in the following indicators: compliance with schedules, travel times and number of buses in operation (reliability); bus cleaning (comfort); respect for bus capacity (safety); bus structure (access stairs) not suitable for people with low/mobility (accessibility), and courtesy of crew, ease of filing complaints, and ability of the driver and / or collector to solve problems (communication).
This study is concerned with the dynamics of governance of public transports in the metropolitan area of Maputo. It is based on the case of one of the public transport providers in the city, the Maputo Municipal Public Transport Company and on the analysis of its stakeholders (passengers and employees) perception about its functioning. It seeks to their level of satisfaction with the service and to identify indicators that may be used for the improvement of the service quality. In the study, we adopted a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative (semi-structured interviews, direct observation and document analysis) and quantitative data (surveys to users and employees). By opting for the development of the case study about Maputo Municipal Public Transport Company, we were able to capture in-depth knowledge that can serve as a basis for a wide understanding of the operation of state-owned enterprises and their capacity to provide public services that meet citizen‘s needs. The results of this research, considering the case of the EMTPM, EP, show that the institutional and legal framework of state-owned enterprises and the control and oversight mechanisms by the government exacerbate the imperative of fulfilling a social and political role. This imperative exceeds the professionalization and profitability requirements for any state-owned enterprise, and it has been constraining the competitiveness of public companies in what regards innovation and development. This ultimately results in the State's option for another development model to overcome the current public transport problems - the public-private partnerships with competitors from the private sector. Due to this weakness of EMTPM, EP, in general, passengers are dissatisfied with the services of this company in the following indicators: compliance with schedules, travel times and number of buses in operation (reliability); bus cleaning (comfort); respect for bus capacity (safety); bus structure (access stairs) not suitable for people with low/mobility (accessibility), and courtesy of crew, ease of filing complaints, and ability of the driver and / or collector to solve problems (communication).
Descrição
Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
Palavras-chave
Moçambique Área Metropolitana de Maputo Empresas Públicas Transportes Públicos Corporate Governance Qualidade de Serviço Mozambique Maputo Metropolitan Area State-Owned Enterprises Public Transport Service Quality
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Machanguana, Constâncio Augusto (2020). "A Governance dos Transportes Públicos Urbanos em Moçambique : estudo de caso da Empresa Municipal de Transportes Rodoviários de Maputo, EMTPM, E.P., na Área Metropolitana de Maputo". Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão