A carregar...
Publicação
Recapping coffee production in Mozambique: assessment of plant and microbial genetic diversity
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.75 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O café está entre as culturas tropicais mais importantes, tendo a sua cadeia de valor um impacto global. O cultivo e o comércio de café são dominados por duas espécies principais: Coffea arabica (café Arábica) e Coffea canephora (café Robusta). Moçambique é considerado um hotspot de diversidade de espécies silvestres de Coffea. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a diversidade genética de Coffea spp. em Moçambique e analisar a flora microbiana associada ao cafeeiro Arábica (C. arabica) cultivado em sistema agroflorestal no Parque Nacional da Gorongosa. A análise molecular identificou apenas a ocorrência de Coffea racemosa, sugerindo erosão genética causada pela pressão antropogénica. Apesar disso, C. racemosa apresentou uma diversidade genética significativa. Nas plantações da Gorongosa, o pool genético de C. arabica revelou-se reduzido, reforçando a necessidade urgente de diversificação dos cultivares. Foram também estudados os microbiomas do solo, folhas e frutos ao longo de um gradiente de altitude e irradiância. Os consórcios microbianos mostraram um padrão complexo influenciado apenas pela elevação. Entre os microrganismos, destacam-se os promotores do crescimento vegetal, produtores de antibióticos e biorremediadores, bem como alguns patógenos vegetais. Este trabalho reforça a importância da conservação de espécies silvestres de Coffea e da diversificação genética em práticas de cultivo adaptadas às mudanças climáticas, evidenciando a relevância do microbioma na saúde do solo e na qualidade dos frutos. Os resultados fornecem subsídios importantes para estratégias de sustentabilidade e maneio de culturas em regiões tropicais.
Coffee is among the most important tropical crops, with its value chain having a global impact. Coffee cultivation and trade are dominated by two main species: Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). Mozambique is considered a hotspot of diversity for wild Coffea species. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of Coffea spp. in Mozambique and analyze the microbial flora associated with C. arabica cultivated under agroforestry in Gorongosa National Park. Molecular analysis identified only the occurrence of the wild species Coffea racemosa, suggesting genetic erosion caused by anthropogenic pressure. Despite this, C. racemosa presented significant genetic diversity. In the Gorongosa plantations, the genetic pool of C. arabica was limited, reinforcing the urgent need for cultivar diversification. The study also examined the microbiomes of coffee soils, leaves, and fruits along a gradient of altitude and irradiance. The microbial consortia showed a complex pattern influenced only by elevation. Among the microorganisms, plant growth promoters, antibiotic producers, bioremediators, and some plant pathogens stood out. This work emphasizes the importance of conserving wild Coffea species and promoting genetic diversification in cultivation practices adapted to climate change, highlighting the relevance of the microbiome for soil health and bean quality. The results provide important insights for sustainable strategies and coffee crop management in tropical regions.
Coffee is among the most important tropical crops, with its value chain having a global impact. Coffee cultivation and trade are dominated by two main species: Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). Mozambique is considered a hotspot of diversity for wild Coffea species. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of Coffea spp. in Mozambique and analyze the microbial flora associated with C. arabica cultivated under agroforestry in Gorongosa National Park. Molecular analysis identified only the occurrence of the wild species Coffea racemosa, suggesting genetic erosion caused by anthropogenic pressure. Despite this, C. racemosa presented significant genetic diversity. In the Gorongosa plantations, the genetic pool of C. arabica was limited, reinforcing the urgent need for cultivar diversification. The study also examined the microbiomes of coffee soils, leaves, and fruits along a gradient of altitude and irradiance. The microbial consortia showed a complex pattern influenced only by elevation. Among the microorganisms, plant growth promoters, antibiotic producers, bioremediators, and some plant pathogens stood out. This work emphasizes the importance of conserving wild Coffea species and promoting genetic diversification in cultivation practices adapted to climate change, highlighting the relevance of the microbiome for soil health and bean quality. The results provide important insights for sustainable strategies and coffee crop management in tropical regions.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Biologia, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia.
Palavras-chave
coffee genetic diversity microbiome sustainability cafeeiro diversidade genética Gorongosa microbioma sustentabilidade