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Reconstrução, tradição e memória
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O território sírio em 2011 entra numa guerra civil brutal desencadeando-se uma
crise humanitária que resulta em mais de cinco milhões de refugiados sírios.
Como consequência o país entrou em ruptura material, patrimonial e social ficando sem
serviços básicos como água potável, electricidade, medicamentos, hospitais e escolas.
Desde o início do conflito que os equipamentos escolares foram alvos de bombardeamentos
ou transformados em abrigos. Isto levou ao desaparecimento do sistema educativo do país e a
que milhares de crianças perdessem o acesso à educação.
Mesmo as que conseguiam continuar a frequentar escolas, muitas infraestruturas eram
improvisadas e não reuniam as condições necessárias para um ensino de qualidade. As
infraestruturas e os professores eram insuficientes, para além do risco iminente de
bombardeamentos. Grande parte das crianças e jovens perderam o acesso à educação durante
o conflito.
Neste contexto, propomos o desenvolvimento de um projecto para uma escola básica para
Alepo, integrada na malha antiga da cidade de Alepo; uma escola que recupere os valores de
tradição e da cultura multicultural da cidade, respeitando a sua identidade e a memória do
lugar.
O estudo de caso desta investigação foi a cidade de Alepo, onde observamos as suas origens e
o seu desenvolvimento urbano, assim como o contexto social e cultural.
A cidade é considerada uma das mais importantes da história tanto do Médio Oriente como
do mundo islâmico. Dada a sua localização estratégica é um território com vestígios de vários
povos, culturas e religiões. No entanto é a ocupação Islâmica que vai deixar vestígios com
maior impacto na estrutura da cidade com a sua malha urbana de ruas estreitas e quebradas.
Verificamos as consequências do mandato e planeamento francês para a cidade antiga e
examinamos as origens do conflito assim como as suas consequências.
O contexto educativo, e o ensino primário da cidade é também analisado para
compreendermos as rotinas destas crianças assim como as suas necessidades.
Alguns temas foram estruturais para esta investigação e o desenvolvimento da escola primária:
A arquitectura vernacular e os seus aspectos de tradição e sustentabilidade, assim como, a
materialidade e a integração deste tipo de arquitectura, no território, foram importantes de
compreender para o desenvolvimento do nosso projecto, nomeadamente a construção em
taipa.
O bem-estar na arquitectura foi uma importante análise para compreendermos como criar uma
escola que permitisse que estas crianças se sentissem acolhidas, protegidas, e livres, de forma a
terem a melhor experiência educativa possível que contribuísse para o seu bem-estar físico e
psicológico.
Exploramos ainda o tema da memória e da sua importância para a preservação da identidade
desta população através do património construído.
Os casos de estudo foram uma grande fonte de inspiração para as soluções projectuais. Todos
os quatro casos, com diferentes contextos sociais, culturais e urbanos, englobam uma série de
questões humanas e soluções arquitectónicas que nos interessava explorar no projecto para a
escola básica.
O principal objectivo da investigação foi criar um equipamento educativo com espaços de
qualidade, que proporcionasse aos alunos uma experiência arquitectónica que contribuísse
para um processo de aprendizagem de sucesso. Espaço este que inclui soluções espaciais
inspiradas na cidade, nas suas ruas e nos seus pátios, na sua abordagem à intimidade.
Criou-se uma escola pensada para as crianças de Alepo, a primeira geração adulta após o
conflito. A sua educação é extremamente importante para o futuro da sociedade síria, pelo que
é essencial que cresçam e aprendam num edifício que lhes ofereça um sentimento de pertença,
um espaço onde podem sentir-se seguras, livres, motivadas e com esperança no futuro.
ABSTRACT:The brutal civil war that began in the siryan territory in 2011, unleashed an humanitarian crisis that resulted in more than 5 million Syrian refugees. As a consequence, the country entered a material, patrimonial and social rupture , running out of basic services such as drinking water, electricity , medicines, hospitals and schools. Since the beginning of the conflict, school equipment has been the target of bombings or turned into shelters. This led to the disappearance of the country's education system and made thousands of children lose access to education. Even those who managed to continue to attend schools, many structures were improvised and did not meet the necessary conditions for quality education. Infrastructure and teachers were insufficient and, in addition, there was the imminent risk of bombings. Most children and teenagers lost access to education during the conflict. In this context, we propose the development of a project for a basic school for Aleppo, integrated in the old grid of the city of Aleppo; a school that recovers the city's values of tradition and multicultural culture, respecting its identity and the memory of the place. The case study of this investigation was the city of Aleppo, where we observed its origins and its urban development, as well as the social and cultural context. The city is considered one of the most important in the history of both the Middle East and the Islamic world. Given its strategic location, it is a territory with traces of various people, cultures and religions. However, it is the Islamic occupation that will leave traces with the greatest impact on the structure of the city with its urban network of narrow streets. We looked at the consequences of the French mandate and planning for the ancient city and examined the origins of the conflict as well as its consequences. The educational context, and the city's primary education, is also analyzed to understand the routines of these children as well as their needs. Some themes were structural for this investigation and the development of the primary school: The vernacular architecture and its aspects of tradition and sustainability, as well as the materiality and integration of this type of architecture in the territory, were important to understand in order to develop our project, namely the construction in rammed earth. The well-being in architecture was important to analyze in order to understand how to create a school that would allow these children to feel welcomed, protected, and free, in order to have the best possible educational experience that would contribute to their physical and psychological well-being. We also explore the theme of memory and its importance for the preservation of the identity of this population through its built heritage. The case studies were a great source of inspiration for project solutions. All four cases, with different social, cultural and urban contexts, encompass a series of human issues and architectural solutions that we were interested in exploring in the project for the basic school. The main objective of the investigation was to create an educational equipment with quality spaces, which would provide students with an architectural experience that would contribute to a successful learning process. This space includes spatial solutions inspired by the city, its streets and its patios, in its approach to intimacy. A school was created for the children of Aleppo, the first adult generation after the conflict. Their education is extremely important for the future of Syrian society, so its is essential for them to grow up and learn in a building that offers them a sense of belonging, a space where they can feel safe, free, motivated and with hope for the future.
ABSTRACT:The brutal civil war that began in the siryan territory in 2011, unleashed an humanitarian crisis that resulted in more than 5 million Syrian refugees. As a consequence, the country entered a material, patrimonial and social rupture , running out of basic services such as drinking water, electricity , medicines, hospitals and schools. Since the beginning of the conflict, school equipment has been the target of bombings or turned into shelters. This led to the disappearance of the country's education system and made thousands of children lose access to education. Even those who managed to continue to attend schools, many structures were improvised and did not meet the necessary conditions for quality education. Infrastructure and teachers were insufficient and, in addition, there was the imminent risk of bombings. Most children and teenagers lost access to education during the conflict. In this context, we propose the development of a project for a basic school for Aleppo, integrated in the old grid of the city of Aleppo; a school that recovers the city's values of tradition and multicultural culture, respecting its identity and the memory of the place. The case study of this investigation was the city of Aleppo, where we observed its origins and its urban development, as well as the social and cultural context. The city is considered one of the most important in the history of both the Middle East and the Islamic world. Given its strategic location, it is a territory with traces of various people, cultures and religions. However, it is the Islamic occupation that will leave traces with the greatest impact on the structure of the city with its urban network of narrow streets. We looked at the consequences of the French mandate and planning for the ancient city and examined the origins of the conflict as well as its consequences. The educational context, and the city's primary education, is also analyzed to understand the routines of these children as well as their needs. Some themes were structural for this investigation and the development of the primary school: The vernacular architecture and its aspects of tradition and sustainability, as well as the materiality and integration of this type of architecture in the territory, were important to understand in order to develop our project, namely the construction in rammed earth. The well-being in architecture was important to analyze in order to understand how to create a school that would allow these children to feel welcomed, protected, and free, in order to have the best possible educational experience that would contribute to their physical and psychological well-being. We also explore the theme of memory and its importance for the preservation of the identity of this population through its built heritage. The case studies were a great source of inspiration for project solutions. All four cases, with different social, cultural and urban contexts, encompass a series of human issues and architectural solutions that we were interested in exploring in the project for the basic school. The main objective of the investigation was to create an educational equipment with quality spaces, which would provide students with an architectural experience that would contribute to a successful learning process. This space includes spatial solutions inspired by the city, its streets and its patios, in its approach to intimacy. A school was created for the children of Aleppo, the first adult generation after the conflict. Their education is extremely important for the future of Syrian society, so its is essential for them to grow up and learn in a building that offers them a sense of belonging, a space where they can feel safe, free, motivated and with hope for the future.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Keywords
Alepo Escola básica Reconstrução Tradição Vernacular Aleppo Primary school Reconstruction Tradition Vernacular
Pedagogical Context
Citation
ANTÃO, Sara Mónica da Luz - Reconstrução, tradição e memória : uma escola básica para Alepo.- Lisboa: FA, 2020. Dissertação de Mestrado.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura