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Impacto dos períodos de calor extremo na saúde dos animais de companhia : um estudo exploratório em cães residentes na área metropolitana de Lisboa
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Authors
Abstract(s)
As alterações climáticas são um fenómeno de crescente preocupação a nível mundial,
devido ao aumento constante da temperatura média e da frequência, intensidade e duração
das ondas de calor. Os impactos na saúde, devido à exposição a um ambiente de calor
extremo, são, hoje, uma das áreas de investigação mais ativas, tanto na medicina humana
como veterinária.
Com o objetivo de conhecer o impacto dos períodos de calor extremo na saúde dos
animais de companhia, identificaram-se 60 casos de golpe de calor, no período entre 2010 e
2019, num total de 58 861 cães admitidos em quatro CAMV localizados na Área Metropolitana
de Lisboa.
Com base nestes registos, a prevalência de casos de golpe de calor estimada foi 0,1%
(IC 95%: 0,08% a 0,13%). Nos 60 casos estudados a mortalidade foi 25%. A média de idade
dos cães que morreram na sequência de golpe de calor foi significativamente superior em
comparação com os que sobreviveram (p = 0,002). Observou-se uma probabilidade de morte
de 45,8% para os cães de porte grande e gigante, sendo esta significativamente superior aos
grupos de porte pequeno e médio (p = 0,009). Entre os casos de golpe de calor, os cães
braquicéfalos eram significativamente mais jovens do que os cães que não possuíam essa
conformação (p = 0,003). Observou-se ainda que a ocorrência de golpe de calor num cão não braquicéfalo era significativamente menor nas estações de outono e inverno (p = 0,011). Pelo
contrário, um cão de conformação braquicéfala, em golpe de calor, tem 93,5 vezes mais
chance de ocorrer na estação outono/inverno por comparação com a estação verão
(OR=93,5; IC 95%: 3,6 – 2443,7; p = 0,006).
Considerando os cenários projetados de aumento continuado destes períodos, torna se necessário conhecer melhor os impactos destes fenómenos na saúde e no bem-estar
animal, e investir na monitorização dos casos através da partilha de informação, bem como a
adoção de medidas de prevenção e de mitigação dos impactos.
ABSTRACT - IMPACT OF EXTREME HEAT EVENTS ON THE HEALTH OF COMPANION ANIMALS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN RESIDENT DOGS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF LISBON - Climate change is a phenomenon of increasing concern worldwide due to the constant rise in average temperature, and the frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves. Health impacts, due to exposure to an extreme heat environment, are, today, one of the most active research areas, both in human and veterinary medicine. In order to understand the impact of periods of extreme heat on the health of companion animals, 60 cases of heat stroke were identified, between 2010 and 2019, in a total of 58861 dogs admitted to four Veterinary Practices located in the Metropolitan area of Lisbon. Based on these findings, the estimated prevalence of heat stroke was 0.1% (CI 95%: 0,08% - 0,13%). In the 60 cases, mortality was 25%. The average age of dogs that died from heat stroke was significantly higher compared to those that survived (p = 0,002). There was a 45.8% probability of death for large and giant dogs, which was significantly higher than small and medium sized groups (p = 0,009). Among the cases of heat stroke, brachycephalic dogs were significantly younger than dogs that did not have this conformation (p = 0,003). It was also observed that the occurrence of heat stroke in a non-brachycephalic dog was significantly lower in the autumn and winter seasons (p = 0,011). On the contrary, a brachycephalic dog, in a heat stroke, has 93,5 times greater odds of occurring in the autumn / winter season compared to the summer season (OR = 93,5; CI 95%: 3,6 - 2443,7; p = 0,006). Considering the projected scenarios of continued increase in these periods, it becomes necessary to better understand the impacts of these phenomena on animal health and well being, and to invest in the monitoring of cases through the sharing of information, as well as the adoption of prevention measures and impact mitigation.
ABSTRACT - IMPACT OF EXTREME HEAT EVENTS ON THE HEALTH OF COMPANION ANIMALS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN RESIDENT DOGS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF LISBON - Climate change is a phenomenon of increasing concern worldwide due to the constant rise in average temperature, and the frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves. Health impacts, due to exposure to an extreme heat environment, are, today, one of the most active research areas, both in human and veterinary medicine. In order to understand the impact of periods of extreme heat on the health of companion animals, 60 cases of heat stroke were identified, between 2010 and 2019, in a total of 58861 dogs admitted to four Veterinary Practices located in the Metropolitan area of Lisbon. Based on these findings, the estimated prevalence of heat stroke was 0.1% (CI 95%: 0,08% - 0,13%). In the 60 cases, mortality was 25%. The average age of dogs that died from heat stroke was significantly higher compared to those that survived (p = 0,002). There was a 45.8% probability of death for large and giant dogs, which was significantly higher than small and medium sized groups (p = 0,009). Among the cases of heat stroke, brachycephalic dogs were significantly younger than dogs that did not have this conformation (p = 0,003). It was also observed that the occurrence of heat stroke in a non-brachycephalic dog was significantly lower in the autumn and winter seasons (p = 0,011). On the contrary, a brachycephalic dog, in a heat stroke, has 93,5 times greater odds of occurring in the autumn / winter season compared to the summer season (OR = 93,5; CI 95%: 3,6 - 2443,7; p = 0,006). Considering the projected scenarios of continued increase in these periods, it becomes necessary to better understand the impacts of these phenomena on animal health and well being, and to invest in the monitoring of cases through the sharing of information, as well as the adoption of prevention measures and impact mitigation.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Keywords
Alterações climáticas golpe de calor períodos de calor extremo raças braquicéfalas taxa de mortalidade Climatic changes heatstroke heatwaves brachycephalic breed mortality rate
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Martins MC 2021. Impacto dos períodos de calor extremo na saúde dos animais de companhia : um estudo exploratório em cães residentes na área metropolitana de Lisboa [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária