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Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as práticas de biossegurança implementadas nas explorações de bovinos leiteiros da Ilha de São Miguel, nos Açores, com o propósito de prevenir a disseminação da Diarreia Viral Bovina. O estudo focou-se na identificação dos principais pontos críticos nas medidas de biossegurança adotadas e na proposta de melhorias que possam contribuir para otimizar a sua eficácia. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, que incluiu questionários epidemiológicos a uma amostra de conveniência composta por quarenta explorações de bovinos leiteiros localizadas nos seis concelhos da Ilha de São Miguel. Todas as explorações inquiridas estão integradas no Programa Regional de Controlo e Erradicação da Diarreia Viral Bovina, o qual é de adesão obrigatória para todas as explorações de bovinos na Região Autónoma dos Açores. Foram efetuadas entrevistas pessoais (82,5%) e telefónicas (17,5%) aos produtores dessas explorações, abrangendo temas como a deteção e remoção de animais persistentemente infetados, a adoção da vacinação, os fatores de risco associados à exposição ao vírus, e as estratégias de disseminação de informações sobre a doença. Os resultados indicaram que, embora uma elevada percentagem de explorações tenha sido oficialmente declarada como livre de Diarreia Viral Bovina (80%), existem lacunas nas práticas de biossegurança. A implementação sistemática de quarentenas é insuficiente (12,5%), e a vacinação contra a Diarreia Viral Bovina é pouco frequente (20%). A transumância, uma prática comum na Região, foi identificada como um possível fator de risco para a transmissão do vírus (57,5%). Observou-se, ainda, uma relação positiva entre o nível de conhecimento dos produtores sobre a doença (75%) e a perceção dos mesmos sobre a adoção de medidas preventivas consideradas eficazes (100%). Recomenda-se a implementação de medidas para melhorar o controlo e erradicação da Diarreia Viral Bovina, incluindo a realização de visitas regulares pelos Serviços Oficiais às explorações com o estatuto infetado para monitorizar o cumprimento das medidas de biossegurança, a introdução de apoios financeiros para incentivar a adesão à vacinação, a implementação de normas obrigatórias para a quarentena de novos animais e a garantia da testagem antes da sua introdução no efetivo, a criação de um sistema de notificação para partilha de informação sanitária entre explorações vizinhas e a adoção de diretrizes para minimizar os riscos de disseminação do vírus durante o transporte de animais, como a definição de trajetos de risco
ABSTRACT - Biosecurity in Dairy Farms on São Miguel Island – The Case of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) - The presente study aimed to evaluate the biosecurity practices implemented on dairy cattle farms on São Miguel Island, in the Azores, to prevent the spread of Bovine Viral Diarrhea. The study focused on identifying critical points in the adopted biosecurity measures and proposing improvements to enhance their effectiveness. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, including epidemiological questionnaires administered to a convenience sample of forty dairy cattle farms located across the six municipalities of São Miguel Island. All surveyed farms are integrated into the Regional Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Viral Diarrhea, which is mandatory for all cattle farms in the Autononous Region of the Azores. Personal (82,5%) and telephone (17,5%) interviews were conducted with farm owners, covering topics such as the detection and removal of persistently infected animals, vaccination adoption, risk factors associated with virus exposure, and strategies for disseminating information about the disease. The results indicated that although a high percentage of farms were officially declared as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Free (80%), gaps remain in biosecurity practices. The systematic implementation of quarantine measures is insufficient (12,5%), and vaccination against Bovine Viral Diarrhea is infrequent (20%). Transhumance, a common practice in the Region, was identified as a potencial risk factor for virus transmission (57,5%). Futhermore, a positive correlation was observed between the farmers’ level of knowledge about the disease (75%) and their perception of the adoption of the effectiveness of preventive measures (100%). It is recommended that measures be implemented to improve the control and eradication of Bovine Viral Diarrhea, including regular visits by Official Services to infected status farms to monitor compliance with biosecurity measures, the introduction of financial incentives to encourage vaccination adherence, the establishment of mandatory quarantine protocolos for newly introduced animals and ensuring testing prior their introduction into the herd, the creation of a notification system for sharing health information among neighboring farms, and the adoption of guidelines to minimize the risk of virus transmission during animal transport, such as defining high-risk routes
ABSTRACT - Biosecurity in Dairy Farms on São Miguel Island – The Case of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) - The presente study aimed to evaluate the biosecurity practices implemented on dairy cattle farms on São Miguel Island, in the Azores, to prevent the spread of Bovine Viral Diarrhea. The study focused on identifying critical points in the adopted biosecurity measures and proposing improvements to enhance their effectiveness. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, including epidemiological questionnaires administered to a convenience sample of forty dairy cattle farms located across the six municipalities of São Miguel Island. All surveyed farms are integrated into the Regional Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Viral Diarrhea, which is mandatory for all cattle farms in the Autononous Region of the Azores. Personal (82,5%) and telephone (17,5%) interviews were conducted with farm owners, covering topics such as the detection and removal of persistently infected animals, vaccination adoption, risk factors associated with virus exposure, and strategies for disseminating information about the disease. The results indicated that although a high percentage of farms were officially declared as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Free (80%), gaps remain in biosecurity practices. The systematic implementation of quarantine measures is insufficient (12,5%), and vaccination against Bovine Viral Diarrhea is infrequent (20%). Transhumance, a common practice in the Region, was identified as a potencial risk factor for virus transmission (57,5%). Futhermore, a positive correlation was observed between the farmers’ level of knowledge about the disease (75%) and their perception of the adoption of the effectiveness of preventive measures (100%). It is recommended that measures be implemented to improve the control and eradication of Bovine Viral Diarrhea, including regular visits by Official Services to infected status farms to monitor compliance with biosecurity measures, the introduction of financial incentives to encourage vaccination adherence, the establishment of mandatory quarantine protocolos for newly introduced animals and ensuring testing prior their introduction into the herd, the creation of a notification system for sharing health information among neighboring farms, and the adoption of guidelines to minimize the risk of virus transmission during animal transport, such as defining high-risk routes
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Keywords
Diarreia Viral Bovina Biossegurança Explorações leiteiras Programa de controlo e erradicação Portugal, São Miguel, Açores Bovine Viral Diarrhea Biosecurity Dairy farms São Miguel, Azores, Portugal Control and eradication program
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Sousa MP. 2025. Biossegurança em explorações leiteiras na Ilha de São Miguel : o caso da diarreia viral bovina (BVD) [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária