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Abordagem clínica em casos de ingestão de corpos estranhos em cães
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Na prática de clínica veterinária é comum encontrar casos de ingestão de corpos estranhos, assumindo-se na maioria das vezes como um desafio no diagnóstico e tratamento, na medida em que os pacientes podem apresentar uma grande variedade de sinais clínicos inespecíficos, dependendo do tipo e localização do material ingerido, assim como o grau e a duração da obstrução no trato gastrointestinal. O cão assume-se como o animal de companhia mais propenso à ingestão de corpos estranhos, devido à indiscrição alimentar, forma de ingestão de alimentos e o fácil acesso a brinquedos e objetos. Na presença de um histórico e sinais compatíveis, esta afeção deve ser considerada em qualquer raça e idade. A abordagem clínica requer uma monitorização vigilante do paciente e a sua estabilização ao nível de possíveis desequilíbrios ácido-base e eletrolíticos, enquanto é realizado o diagnóstico através de exames laboratoriais e de imagiologia, com a finalidade de elaborar um plano terapêutico de remoção cirúrgica ou endoscópica do corpo estranho. A endoscopia como método menos invasivo, pode ser bem-sucedido na remoção de corpos estranhos localizados no esófago, estômago e porção superior do duodeno, no entanto, a cirurgia oferece resultados mais abrangentes. No pós-cirúrgico podem surgir algumas complicações associadas às características do corpo estranho ou à técnica de remoção utilizada. Geralmente o prognóstico é bom e as taxas de mortalidade são baixas. Este trabalho baseia-se numa revisão bibliográfica sobre as particularidades da abordagem clínica em corpos estranhos gastrointestinais e um estudo retrospetivo de três casos clínicos com características diferentes, que demonstram a importância de conduzir uma história completa com avaliação diagnóstica apropriada para chegar a um diagnóstico definitivo com um tratamento de remoção eficaz.
ABSTRACT- CLINICAL APPROACH TO GASTROINTESTINAL FOREIGN BODIES IN DOGS - In clinical practice it is usual to find cases of foreign body ingestion, it being assumed most times as a challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment, insofar as patients may present a great variety of non-specific clinical signs, depending on the type and location of the ingested material, as well as the extent and duration of the obstruction. The dog is recognized as the companion animal most prone to ingest foreign bodies, due to non-discretionary eating habits, the manner in which food is ingested and the easy access to toys and other objects. When presented with a compatible history and clinical signs, this disorder should be considered in all breeds and ages. The clinical approach requires careful monitoring of the patient and prompt correction of possible electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, while diagnosis is carried out through laboratory testing and imaging, towards the development of a therapeutic plan to surgically or endoscopically remove the foreign body. Endoscopy, as the least invasive method, may be successful in the removal of foreign bodies located in the esophagus, stomach, and upper portion of the duodenum, however, surgical removal has the most comprehensive results. Post-surgical complications associated with the characteristics of the foreign body or the removal technique may arise. Generally, prognosis is good and mortality rates are low. This work presents a bibliographical review of the particulars of the clinical approach to gastrointestinal foreign bodies and a retrospective study of three clinical cases with distinct characteristics, demonstrating the importance of taking a complete history and appropriate diagnostic evaluation towards obtaining a correct diagnosis and an effective removal treatment plan.
ABSTRACT- CLINICAL APPROACH TO GASTROINTESTINAL FOREIGN BODIES IN DOGS - In clinical practice it is usual to find cases of foreign body ingestion, it being assumed most times as a challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment, insofar as patients may present a great variety of non-specific clinical signs, depending on the type and location of the ingested material, as well as the extent and duration of the obstruction. The dog is recognized as the companion animal most prone to ingest foreign bodies, due to non-discretionary eating habits, the manner in which food is ingested and the easy access to toys and other objects. When presented with a compatible history and clinical signs, this disorder should be considered in all breeds and ages. The clinical approach requires careful monitoring of the patient and prompt correction of possible electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, while diagnosis is carried out through laboratory testing and imaging, towards the development of a therapeutic plan to surgically or endoscopically remove the foreign body. Endoscopy, as the least invasive method, may be successful in the removal of foreign bodies located in the esophagus, stomach, and upper portion of the duodenum, however, surgical removal has the most comprehensive results. Post-surgical complications associated with the characteristics of the foreign body or the removal technique may arise. Generally, prognosis is good and mortality rates are low. This work presents a bibliographical review of the particulars of the clinical approach to gastrointestinal foreign bodies and a retrospective study of three clinical cases with distinct characteristics, demonstrating the importance of taking a complete history and appropriate diagnostic evaluation towards obtaining a correct diagnosis and an effective removal treatment plan.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Keywords
Cão abordagem clínica corpo estranho obstrução trato gastrointestinal dog clinical approach foreign body obstruction gastrointestinal tract
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Ferreira CJDRR 2021. Abordagem clínica em casos de ingestão de corpos estranhos em cães [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária