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O protecionismo comercial e o crescimento da economia angolana (2002-2017) : uma abordagem à luz da diversificação económica e transformações estruturais
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O argumento de que o comércio internacional é fundamental para o crescimento económico
remonta a séculos, na literatura económica e na discussão académica, de um modo geral.
Entretanto, a evidência empírica recente tem sido refratária a qualquer abordagem que pretenda
sugerir que o livre comércio ou o protecionismo, enquanto opção de política económica, é, por si
só, suficiente para gerar crescimento económico.
É com base nesta premissa que a presente Tese de Doutoramento procura compreender,
avaliar e refletir sobre o alcance das medidas protecionistas adotadas em Angola, no período de
2002 a 2017. Importa destacar que as referidas medidas se centraram na adoção de aumentos
contínuos das tarifas de importação, encontrando justificação teórica na Estratégia de Substituição
da Importação, liderada pelo Governo angolano, para diversificar a economia. De modo a servir
de base para futuras pesquisas e a conferir argumentos relativamente robustos, esta Tese revisitou
e sintetizou cerca de três séculos da história económica de Angola. Tratou-se de um exercício que
permitiu emprestar ao autor uma melhor compreensão da trajetória da economia angolana. Do
ponto de vista metodológico, recorreu-se a uma abordagem híbrida, em que a Political Economy
Analysis (PEA) foi complementada por entrevistas, bem como por análise de dados estatísticos.
Com base em entrevistas a académicos angolanos, particularmente especialistas em
economia, e na análise de dados, o autor observou que a influência do protecionismo económico
no crescimento da economia angolana, naquele período, ficou profundamente marcada pela
ausência de transformações económicas estruturais - refletindo de forma expressiva as opções de
política económica que o país adotou, sem concomitantemente ter criado instituições económicas
e políticas inclusivas, capazes de dar corpo aos objetivos traçados. Em razão disto, o autor aponta
que, no contexto das opções que caracterizaram aquele período e da lógica de acumulação
primitiva de capital inerente ao processo económico que sucedeu, paradoxalmente, o
protecionismo comercial pode ter contribuído para que o país tivesse desperdiçado mais de uma
década de crescimento económico.
The argument that international trade is key towards economic growth and development dates back centuries in economic literature and the academic discussion at large. However, most recent empirical evidence seems to suggest that employing or relying solely on free trade or protectionism as an economic policy is not enough to deliver economic growth. It is based on these assumptions that this Doctoral Thesis seeks to discuss succinctly and possibly to rethink the protectionist measures employed in Angola, from the year 2002 to 2017. It is important to point out that central to such policy was essentially the adoption of high customs tariffs, which had the framework of Imports Substitution Strategy as its theoretical backing. This in its essence was to help the Angolan government to diversity the economy. Hence, to be able to present robust findings and arguments, this thesis begun by revisiting Angola’s economic history (3 centuries). This was to give the author a true picture of the economic trajectory which significantly, served as a baseline for further research and analysis. Methodologically, this thesis employed a hybrid approach, where the Political Economy Analysis was complemented by interviews and analysis of statistical data. After a thorough interviews with a selected economic experts and some ordinary citizens in Angola, together with a peer review statistical data, the author found that the influence of protectionism on economic growth in the Angolan economy during the aforementioned period, was deeply marked by the absence of structural economic transformations. This reflects expressively, the economic policy options adopted without inclusive political and economic institutions, capable of inducting structural transformations. For this reason, the author argues that in the context of the options that characterized that period and, considering the idea of primitive capital accumulation inherent to the economic process occurred in Angola, paradoxically, the protectionism may have contributed to waste more than a decade of economic growth.
The argument that international trade is key towards economic growth and development dates back centuries in economic literature and the academic discussion at large. However, most recent empirical evidence seems to suggest that employing or relying solely on free trade or protectionism as an economic policy is not enough to deliver economic growth. It is based on these assumptions that this Doctoral Thesis seeks to discuss succinctly and possibly to rethink the protectionist measures employed in Angola, from the year 2002 to 2017. It is important to point out that central to such policy was essentially the adoption of high customs tariffs, which had the framework of Imports Substitution Strategy as its theoretical backing. This in its essence was to help the Angolan government to diversity the economy. Hence, to be able to present robust findings and arguments, this thesis begun by revisiting Angola’s economic history (3 centuries). This was to give the author a true picture of the economic trajectory which significantly, served as a baseline for further research and analysis. Methodologically, this thesis employed a hybrid approach, where the Political Economy Analysis was complemented by interviews and analysis of statistical data. After a thorough interviews with a selected economic experts and some ordinary citizens in Angola, together with a peer review statistical data, the author found that the influence of protectionism on economic growth in the Angolan economy during the aforementioned period, was deeply marked by the absence of structural economic transformations. This reflects expressively, the economic policy options adopted without inclusive political and economic institutions, capable of inducting structural transformations. For this reason, the author argues that in the context of the options that characterized that period and, considering the idea of primitive capital accumulation inherent to the economic process occurred in Angola, paradoxically, the protectionism may have contributed to waste more than a decade of economic growth.
Descrição
Doutoramento em Estudos de Desenvolvimento
Palavras-chave
Protecionismo comercial crescimento económico pauta aduaneira transformações económicas estruturais Trade protectionism economic growth customs tariff structural economic tranformations
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Sicato, Alano da Fonseca Soares (2022). "O protecionismo comercial e o crescimento da economia angolana (2002-2017) : uma abordagem à luz da diversificação económica e transformações estruturais". Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão