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Estudo retrospetivo dos traumatismos ortopédicos em animais de companhia num hospital de referência em Lisboa
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O trauma continua a ser um dos principais motivos de consulta na clínica de animais
de companhia, e desses traumas decorrem frequentemente lesões ortopédicas. A realização
de estudos nesta área reveste-se de importância, expandindo o conhecimento das lesões
ortopédicas regularmente associadas a cada categoria de trauma tornando a intervenção do
clínico, perante estes animais, mais eficiente.
Este estudo teve como principais objetivos a descrição da população vítima de trauma,
a determinação do trauma mais frequente, para cada espécie, e a análise dos traumatismos
ortopédicos mais comuns para cada categoria de trauma.
Para esse efeito, foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo, no qual foi construída uma base
de dados através do acesso aos historiais clínicos dos animais envolvidos em eventos
traumáticos, apresentados no Hospital Veterinário do Restelo, entre 2016 e 2020.
Na população, os cães constituíram 61,2% e os gatos 38,8%. Os machos foram mais
comuns que as fêmeas, representando 54,2%. A mediana de idades para os animais
traumatizados foi 3 anos. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 18,2%. O trauma contuso (82,4%) foi
mais comum do que o penetrante. O atropelamento acometeu 60,7% dos cães, e a queda
77,8% dos gatos. Dos animais traumatizados, 51,1% evidenciaram fraturas. A presença de
fraturas mostrou ser dependente da categoria de trauma. O esqueleto apendicular foi mais
afetado do que o axial, sendo que a presença de fraturas no último mostrou estar relacionada
com um maior risco de mortalidade. O osso mais fraturado na sequência de um trauma foi a
bacia, e a articulação mais luxada foi a coxofemoral. Após um atropelamento, o osso mais
fraturado foi a bacia, numa queda foi o rádio/ulna e na interação entre animais foram as
costelas.
Este estudo contribuiu assim para a perceção das principais lesões ortopédicas
decorrentes de trauma em animais de companhia.
ABSTRACT - Retrospective study of orthopedic trauma in small animals in a reference hospital in Lisbon - Trauma is still one of the main reasons for consultation at the small animal’s clinic, and orthopedic lesions often result from these traumas. Studies in this area are important, expanding the knowledge of orthopedic lesions regularly associated with each category of trauma, improving the clinician's intervention to these animals. The main objectives of this study were to describe the trauma victim population, to determine the most frequent trauma for each species, to analyze the most common fractures and traumatic dislocations for each of these species and finally to analyze the most common orthopedic injuries for each trauma category. For this purpose, a retrospective study was performed, in which a database was built by accessing the clinical histories of the animals involved in traumatic events, presented at Hospital Veterinário do Restelo, between 2016 and 2020. In the population, dogs constituted 61,2% and cats 38,8%. Males were more common than females, representing 54,2%. The median age for traumatized animals was 3 years. The mortality rate was 18,2%. Blunt trauma (82.4%) was more common than penetrating trauma. The run over affected 60.7% of the dogs, and the fall 77.8% of the cats. Of the traumatized animals, 51.1% showed fractures. The presence of fractures showed to be dependent on the category of trauma. The appendicular skeleton was more affected than the axial one, and the presence of fractures in the latter showed to be related to a higher mortality risk. The most fractured bone following trauma was the pelvis, and the most dislocated joint was the coxofemoral. After a road traffic accident, the most fractured bone was the pelvis, in a fall it was the radius/ulna and in the interaction between animals it was the ribs. This study contributed to the perception of the main orthopedic lesions resulting from trauma in pets.
ABSTRACT - Retrospective study of orthopedic trauma in small animals in a reference hospital in Lisbon - Trauma is still one of the main reasons for consultation at the small animal’s clinic, and orthopedic lesions often result from these traumas. Studies in this area are important, expanding the knowledge of orthopedic lesions regularly associated with each category of trauma, improving the clinician's intervention to these animals. The main objectives of this study were to describe the trauma victim population, to determine the most frequent trauma for each species, to analyze the most common fractures and traumatic dislocations for each of these species and finally to analyze the most common orthopedic injuries for each trauma category. For this purpose, a retrospective study was performed, in which a database was built by accessing the clinical histories of the animals involved in traumatic events, presented at Hospital Veterinário do Restelo, between 2016 and 2020. In the population, dogs constituted 61,2% and cats 38,8%. Males were more common than females, representing 54,2%. The median age for traumatized animals was 3 years. The mortality rate was 18,2%. Blunt trauma (82.4%) was more common than penetrating trauma. The run over affected 60.7% of the dogs, and the fall 77.8% of the cats. Of the traumatized animals, 51.1% showed fractures. The presence of fractures showed to be dependent on the category of trauma. The appendicular skeleton was more affected than the axial one, and the presence of fractures in the latter showed to be related to a higher mortality risk. The most fractured bone following trauma was the pelvis, and the most dislocated joint was the coxofemoral. After a road traffic accident, the most fractured bone was the pelvis, in a fall it was the radius/ulna and in the interaction between animals it was the ribs. This study contributed to the perception of the main orthopedic lesions resulting from trauma in pets.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Trauma Fratura luxação osso trauma fracture luxation bone
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Melo RM 2021. Estudo retrospetivo dos traumatismos ortopédicos em animais de companhia num hospital de referência em Lisboa [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária