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O efeito da idade relativa no basquetebol juvenil
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Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre a idade relativa e o desempenho de jovens atletas de basquetebol nos escalões sub-14 e sub-16. Para tal, foram analisadas a distribuição das datas de nascimento e alguns indicadores maturacionais e de desempenho de 857 atletas — do género feminino (n = 405) e masculino (n = 452) — pertencentes aos escalões referidos, que participaram nas Festas do Basquetebol Juvenil em Albufeira, entre 2016 e 2019 (sub-14: 2016 e 2017; sub-16: 2018 e 2019). Os resultados revelaram uma representação significativa de atletas nascidos nos primeiros meses do ano em ambos os escalões, sendo o efeito da idade relativa mais pronunciado no escalão sub-14. Embora esse efeito tenha sido mais evidente no género masculino, não se verificou uma associação clara entre a idade relativa e o desempenho desportivo. Face a estes resultados, recomenda-se que treinadores e dirigentes desportivos considerem o impacto do efeito da idade relativa nos processos de identificação e seleção de talentos, a fim de evitar desvantagens competitivas para atletas nascidos no final do ano, sobretudo nos escalões sub-14 e sub-16, onde se registam maiores variações maturacionais. Na conjuntura atual, não considerar o efeito da idade relativa nestes escalões poderá acentuar desigualdades no acesso a oportunidades de desenvolvimento, favorecendo os atletas nascidos no início do ano em detrimento dos seus pares com data de nascimento posterior.
This study aimed to analyse the association between relative age and the performance of young basketball athletes in the U14 and U16 age groups. To this end, the distribution of birth dates and some maturational and performance indicators of 857 athletes — female (n = 405) and male (n = 452) — in these categories was examined. All athletes participated in the Youth Basketball Festivals held in Albufeira between 2016 and 2019 (U14: 2016 and 2017; U16: 2018 and 2019). The results revealed a significant overrepresentation of athletes born in the early months of the year across both age groups, with the relative age effect being more pronounced in the U14 category. Although this effect was more evident among male athletes, no clear association was found between relative age and performance. Considering these findings, it is recommended that coaches and sports administrators consider the impact of the relative age effect during talent identification and selection processes, to avoid disadvantaging athletes born later in the year — particularly in the U14 and U16 groups, where maturational variability tends to be more prominent. In the current global context, the continued neglect of the relative age effect at these levels may further exacerbate inequalities in access to development opportunities, favouring athletes born earlier in the year to the detriment of their later-born peers.
This study aimed to analyse the association between relative age and the performance of young basketball athletes in the U14 and U16 age groups. To this end, the distribution of birth dates and some maturational and performance indicators of 857 athletes — female (n = 405) and male (n = 452) — in these categories was examined. All athletes participated in the Youth Basketball Festivals held in Albufeira between 2016 and 2019 (U14: 2016 and 2017; U16: 2018 and 2019). The results revealed a significant overrepresentation of athletes born in the early months of the year across both age groups, with the relative age effect being more pronounced in the U14 category. Although this effect was more evident among male athletes, no clear association was found between relative age and performance. Considering these findings, it is recommended that coaches and sports administrators consider the impact of the relative age effect during talent identification and selection processes, to avoid disadvantaging athletes born later in the year — particularly in the U14 and U16 groups, where maturational variability tends to be more prominent. In the current global context, the continued neglect of the relative age effect at these levels may further exacerbate inequalities in access to development opportunities, favouring athletes born earlier in the year to the detriment of their later-born peers.
Descrição
Mestrado em Treino Desportivo. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Motricidade Humana
Palavras-chave
Basketball Chronological age Maturational process RAE Talent selection Young athlete Basquetebol EIR Idade cronológica Jovem atleta Processo maturacional Seleção de talentos