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Efeito de incongruência e correlações ilusórias em entitatividade : fundamentos básicos da formação de impressões grupais
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Resumo(s)
A hipótese de que a identidade de lugar (IL) pode ser entendida pelos mesmos
princípios definidos pela identidade social (IS) tem sido confirmada consecutivamente
através da replicação dos componentes típicos da última em contextos de IL. Um destes
componentes diz respeito à perceção de entitatividade através de fotografias de bairros e
consequentes inferências psicossociais das características dos habitantes dos mesmos. A
presente investigação traz uma nova perspetiva na compreensão destes resultados ao
explorar a identidade de lugar como alvo de mecanismos sociocognitivos básicos, como
o efeito de incongruência e correlações ilusórias baseadas na expectativa no contexto da
identidade de lugar. Foram realizados dois estudos. Num primeiro foi demonstrada a
influência da indução de comportamentos incongruentes com as expectativas nos
julgamentos das características dos bairros e dos seus habitantes. Num segundo,
demonstrou-se a formação de correlações ilusórias através da apresentação de nomes de
bairros conhecidos pelos participantes juntamente com comportamentos típicos ou não
típicos de membros desses bairros. Globalmente, estes resultados demonstram que as
expectativas têm um papel essencial no processamento de informação sobre bairros e
consequentemente nos seus julgamentos sobre os seus habitantes. Esta conclusão é
particularmente interessante uma vez que a perceção social é feita puramente com base
em objetos, i.e., casas e ruas, o que não é previsto pelos princípios de Cognição Social.
Esta e outras implicações são discutidas.
The hypothesis that place identity can be understood by the same principles as those defined by social identity has been consecutively confirmed through the replication of typical social identity aspects in place identity contexts. One of these aspects is referring to the concept of entitativity and its’ perception through photographs of neighborhoods and consequent inferences about the psychosocial characteristics of its’ residents. The present investigation shines a new light into the comprehension of these results by exploring place identity as a target for basic socio cognitive mechanisms such as the incongruency effect and expectancy-based illusory correlations. Two studies were conducted. In the first one we demonstrated the influence of presenting behavioral information incongruent with expectations on the trait judgments of the neighborhood and its residents. In the second study, we demonstrated the formation of expectancy-based illusory correlations though the presentation of names of known neighborhoods aside with typical and untypical behaviors of members of such groups. Globally the results showed that expectations play a key role in the processing of neighborhood-related information and subsequent judgments about its residents. This finding is particularly interesting because social perception is based solely on objects, such as houses and streets and these results are not predicted by the principles of Social Cognition. This and other implications are discussed.
The hypothesis that place identity can be understood by the same principles as those defined by social identity has been consecutively confirmed through the replication of typical social identity aspects in place identity contexts. One of these aspects is referring to the concept of entitativity and its’ perception through photographs of neighborhoods and consequent inferences about the psychosocial characteristics of its’ residents. The present investigation shines a new light into the comprehension of these results by exploring place identity as a target for basic socio cognitive mechanisms such as the incongruency effect and expectancy-based illusory correlations. Two studies were conducted. In the first one we demonstrated the influence of presenting behavioral information incongruent with expectations on the trait judgments of the neighborhood and its residents. In the second study, we demonstrated the formation of expectancy-based illusory correlations though the presentation of names of known neighborhoods aside with typical and untypical behaviors of members of such groups. Globally the results showed that expectations play a key role in the processing of neighborhood-related information and subsequent judgments about its residents. This finding is particularly interesting because social perception is based solely on objects, such as houses and streets and these results are not predicted by the principles of Social Cognition. This and other implications are discussed.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Cognição Social Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2020
Palavras-chave
Identidade espacial Identidade colectiva Estereótipo (Psicologia) Percepção social Teses de mestrado - 2020