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Flexibilidade de emprego, novas temporalidades de trabalho e relações de género : a reconfiguração da desigualdade nos novos sectores dos serviços
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Resumo(s)
Em Portugal e na Europa em geral, ainda que com algumas especificidades peculiares de cada país, verifica-se que os empregadores recorrem cada vez mais a formas flexíveis de trabalho e de emprego. Ainda que muitas destas formas de emprego escapem às fontes estatísticas, os dados disponíveis permitem constatar que, em Portugal, se assiste a uma tendência para o aumento da flexibilidade contratual e de tempo de trabalho. Acresce que as mulheres estão particularmente representadas em algumas das modalidades flexíveis de emprego. A flexibilidade de emprego tem sido encarada, em praticamente todos os países europeus, como a ponte indispensável para a competitividade das economias e criação de emprego, para um melhor equilíbrio entre a vida profissional e a vida familiar, e para a igualdade de oportunidades. Um dos objectivos centrais deste estudo é o de problematizar a questão da compatibilidade efectiva entre a flexibilidade de emprego e a igualdade de oportunidades entre homens e mulheres. Partindo de uma abordagem não unilateral ou determinista em relação à flexibilidade de emprego, argumentamos que as implicações da flexibilidade de emprego e de tempo de trabalho estão associadas quer a uma reconfiguração das desigualdades entre o sexos, quer a um agravamento das desigualdades socioeconómicas entre as mulheres. O trabalho empírico incide sobre alguns dos novos sectores dos serviços (sector TIC e novos formatos comerciais/grande distribuição) e articula a análise quantitativa (dados estatísticos e informação recolhida por inquérito por questionário) com a análise qualitativa (entrevistas em profundidade/histórias de vida).
Despite certain specific features peculiar to each European country, it has been found that, across Europe, employers increasingly resort to flexible working time arrangements and flexible employment practices (e.g. flexible contracts), which deviate from the typical model of employment of industrial society. Although many of these forms of employment are not explicitly measured by statistical surveys, available data for Portugal show that indeed the trend is towards increasing flexible employment and that women are over-represented in many of these flexible arrangements. This issue is particularly relevant as flexibility has been rhetorically advocated as a means to a more balanced working-life, as well as to a society of full, better quality employment and of gender equality. Therefore, one of the main goals of this study is to discuss the question of the effective compatibility between employment/working time flexibility and the equal opportunities issue between men and women. Based on a non-unilateral or deterministic approach in relation to this issue, the main argument states that both employment flexibility and working time flexibility generate new patterns of gender segregation and enhance social and economic differentiation among women. The study mainly focuses on the new service sectors (ICT and retail) and it is based on a combination of both a quantitative analysis of statistical data and a survey on flexible employees and a qualitative approach. As part of the latter, in-depth interviews with women will be performed, focusing on interviewees/life stories.
Despite certain specific features peculiar to each European country, it has been found that, across Europe, employers increasingly resort to flexible working time arrangements and flexible employment practices (e.g. flexible contracts), which deviate from the typical model of employment of industrial society. Although many of these forms of employment are not explicitly measured by statistical surveys, available data for Portugal show that indeed the trend is towards increasing flexible employment and that women are over-represented in many of these flexible arrangements. This issue is particularly relevant as flexibility has been rhetorically advocated as a means to a more balanced working-life, as well as to a society of full, better quality employment and of gender equality. Therefore, one of the main goals of this study is to discuss the question of the effective compatibility between employment/working time flexibility and the equal opportunities issue between men and women. Based on a non-unilateral or deterministic approach in relation to this issue, the main argument states that both employment flexibility and working time flexibility generate new patterns of gender segregation and enhance social and economic differentiation among women. The study mainly focuses on the new service sectors (ICT and retail) and it is based on a combination of both a quantitative analysis of statistical data and a survey on flexible employees and a qualitative approach. As part of the latter, in-depth interviews with women will be performed, focusing on interviewees/life stories.
Descrição
Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
Palavras-chave
género flexibilidade de emprego flexibilidade de tempo de trabalho trajectórias laborais sector TIC comércio/distribuição gender employment flexibility flexible working time working-life courses ICT sector retail sector
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão