A carregar...
Publicação
Osteotomia pélvica dupla no tratamento da displasia da anca em cães : estudo retrospetivo
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.16 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Osteotomia pélvica dupla no tratamento da displasia da anca em cães : estudo retrospetivo -
A displasia da anca é descrita como uma doença articular degenerativa e hereditária,
multifatorial, e, geralmente bilateral. É caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento anormal da
articulação coxofemoral, sendo possível observar sinais de lassidão, má congruência articular,
presença de osteófitos, etc. É maioritariamente comum em cães de raças grandes e gigantes,
afetando ambos os sexos em igual proporção.
Por ser comum nestas raças, é importante incentivar os tutores destes animais a
realizar exames de diagnóstico/despiste precoce de displasia, de forma a poder agir
rapidamente e com tratamentos menos invasivos. O diagnóstico é feito através de um exame
físico completo, e consiste na observação do animal e recolha dos sinais clínicos que pode
apresentar (dor, claudicação, perda de massa muscular, etc), recolha do historial clínico e
genético, execução do teste de Ortolani e avaliação dos ângulos de subluxação e de redução.
São ainda realizadas radiografias da anca de forma a poder observar a articulação em posição
ventrodorsal standard, e em abdução (rã) é avaliado o índice de distração e o Rebordo
Acetabular Dorsal (RAD).
Existem vários tratamentos para esta doença, tanto médico (com anti-inflamatórios,
analgésicos, condroprotetores, etc) como cirúrgico (Sinfisiodese Púbica Juvenil, Osteotomia
Pélvica Tripla (OPT), Osteotomia Pélvica Dupla (OPD), Prótese Total de Anca, Recessão da
cabeça e colo femorais), sendo a melhor forma de tratamento escolhida tendo em conta os
fatores já descritos. Neste trabalho está em foco a Osteotomia Pélvica Dupla, que consiste
num procedimento realizado no VetOeiras pelo Dr Luís Chambel, e é uma evolução da
Osteotomia Pélvica Tripla. Nesta cirurgia são realizadas apenas duas osteotomias, uma no
ramo púbico e outra no ílio. Esta última é estabilizada por uma placa bloqueada.
Foram avaliados 12 casos clínicos, no pré e pós cirúrgico, bem como meses e anos
depois, de forma a observar e comprovar a eficácia desta técnica cirúrgica através da recolha
de radiografias mais recentes, historial clínico atual, etc. De forma geral, houve 100% de
melhoria na vida dos animais estudados, aproximadamente 90% de melhoria nas articulações
anteriormente displásicas, e cerca de 90% das ancas avaliadas não apresentam mais sinais
de displasia.
ABSTRACT - Double pelvic osteotomy as a treatment for hip dysplasia in dogs : retrospective study - Canine hip dysplasia is described as a degenerative and genetic joint disease, considered multifactorial, and, usually, bilateral. It is characterized by the abnormal development of the hip joint, and there are usually signs of osteoarthrosis, laxity, poor joint congruence, presence of osteophytes, etc. It is a disease mostly common in dogs of large and giant breeds (such as German Shepherds, Labradors and Golden Retrievers, Great Danes, Fila Dogs), which affects both sexes in equal proportion. As it is common in these breeds, it is important to encourage the owners of these animals to carry out diagnostic tests/early screening for dysplasia, in order to be able to act quickly, with a less invasive and more appropriate treatment to each animal. The complete diagnosis starts with a physical examination, where the animal is observed and the clinical signs that it may present (pain, lameness, loss of muscle mass, etc.), the clinical and genetic history are collected, where Ortolani's sign, subluxation and abduction tests are performed, as well as where hip radiographs are taken in order to be able to observe the joint in a ventrodorsal, lateral position, and DAR (Dorsal Acetabular Rim). The numbers of various angles are also collected: Norberg's, subluxation, reduction, DAR; as well as distraction index in order to interpret and categorize the cases. There are several treatments for this disease, both medical (with anti-inflammatories, analgesics, chondroprotectors, etc.) as well as surgical (TPO, DPO, THR, juvenile pubic symphysiodesis), being the best form of treatment chosen taking into account all the factors already described. This study focuses on the Double Pelvic Osteotomy (DPO), which is a procedure performed frequently at VetOeiras by Dr Luís Chambel, which is an adaptation of the Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO), where only osteotomies of the pubis and ilium are performed, with the last one being stabilized with a blocked osteotomy plate. Twelve clinical cases from VetOeiras were studied, evaluating the before and after surgery radiographs. Overall, there was 100% improvement in the life of the animals studied, 90% improvement in previously dysplastic joints, and about 90% of the evaluated hips no longer show any signs of dysplasia.
ABSTRACT - Double pelvic osteotomy as a treatment for hip dysplasia in dogs : retrospective study - Canine hip dysplasia is described as a degenerative and genetic joint disease, considered multifactorial, and, usually, bilateral. It is characterized by the abnormal development of the hip joint, and there are usually signs of osteoarthrosis, laxity, poor joint congruence, presence of osteophytes, etc. It is a disease mostly common in dogs of large and giant breeds (such as German Shepherds, Labradors and Golden Retrievers, Great Danes, Fila Dogs), which affects both sexes in equal proportion. As it is common in these breeds, it is important to encourage the owners of these animals to carry out diagnostic tests/early screening for dysplasia, in order to be able to act quickly, with a less invasive and more appropriate treatment to each animal. The complete diagnosis starts with a physical examination, where the animal is observed and the clinical signs that it may present (pain, lameness, loss of muscle mass, etc.), the clinical and genetic history are collected, where Ortolani's sign, subluxation and abduction tests are performed, as well as where hip radiographs are taken in order to be able to observe the joint in a ventrodorsal, lateral position, and DAR (Dorsal Acetabular Rim). The numbers of various angles are also collected: Norberg's, subluxation, reduction, DAR; as well as distraction index in order to interpret and categorize the cases. There are several treatments for this disease, both medical (with anti-inflammatories, analgesics, chondroprotectors, etc.) as well as surgical (TPO, DPO, THR, juvenile pubic symphysiodesis), being the best form of treatment chosen taking into account all the factors already described. This study focuses on the Double Pelvic Osteotomy (DPO), which is a procedure performed frequently at VetOeiras by Dr Luís Chambel, which is an adaptation of the Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO), where only osteotomies of the pubis and ilium are performed, with the last one being stabilized with a blocked osteotomy plate. Twelve clinical cases from VetOeiras were studied, evaluating the before and after surgery radiographs. Overall, there was 100% improvement in the life of the animals studied, 90% improvement in previously dysplastic joints, and about 90% of the evaluated hips no longer show any signs of dysplasia.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Clínica
Palavras-chave
Displasia Anca Osteoartrose Cirurgia Osteotomia Hip Dysplasia Surgery Osteotomy Osteoarthritis
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Jorge AMC. 2022. Osteotomia pélvica dupla no tratamento da displasia da anca em cães : estudo retrospetivo [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária