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Resumo(s)
A pandemia Covid-19 veio impulsionar o uso do teletrabalho a uma escala global, pelo
que a presente dissertação pretende responder a um grande desafio da atualidade: como
manter motivados os colaboradores que trabalham remotamente? Este estudo visa
analisar a relação entre a motivação – associada às necessidades psicológicas básicas de
relacionamento, competência e autonomia - o bem-estar psicológico, o stresse e a
satisfação no trabalho numa amostra de teletrabalhadores em Portugal. O método
utilizado foi o inquérito por questionário, tendo o mesmo sido divulgado em abril de 2021,
durante o período de confinamento em virtude da Covid-19. Dos 418 inquiridos, 304
encontravam-se a desempenhar funções em regime de teletrabalho, parcial ou integral.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram diferenças significativas em diferentes grupos da
amostra. Quanto às necessidades de relacionamento, competência e autonomia, os
trabalhadores não qualificados e com “outro” tipo de contratos (e.g., contratos de
mandato, estágio) apresentam, em média, níveis mais baixos de satisfação das três
necessidades básicas. Os participantes entre os 20 e os 30 anos, solteiros, sem filhos, com
funções não qualificadas e em regime de turnos revelam níveis mais baixos de bem-estar
psicológico. Os resultados revelam que as mulheres percecionam, em média, níveis mais
elevados de stresse. A satisfação no trabalho é menor nos jovens adultos (até aos 30 anos),
sem filhos, em regime de turnos e com jornadas de trabalho reduzidas (menos de 20 horas
semanais). O modelo de equações estruturais permitiu analisar as relações estabelecidas
entre as variáveis. Verificou-se que a satisfação das três necessidades psicológicas básicas
está positivamente associada ao bem-estar psicológico e negativamente associada ao
stresse. Por sua vez, o bem-estar psicológico está positivamente associado à satisfação no
trabalho, inversamente, o stresse está negativamente associado à sua satisfação. Por fim,
concluiu-se que a satisfação das necessidades de autonomia e de relacionamento está
positivamente associada à satisfação no trabalho. Somente a relação entre a satisfação da
necessidade de competência e a satisfação no trabalho não demonstrou ser significativa.
No seu conjunto, a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, o bem-estar
psicológico e o stresse explicam 61,5% da variância da satisfação no trabalho.
The Covid-19 pandemic has boosted the use of telework on a global scale, wherefore the dissertation aims to respond to the great challenge: how to keep employees remotely motivated? This study intends to analyze the correlation between motivation - associated with basic psychological needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy - psychological wellbeing, stress, and job satisfaction in a sample of teleworkers in Portugal. The method used was the questionnaire, having been released in April 2021, during the confinement period due to Covid-19. Of the 418 respondents, 304 were performing teleworking functions, partially or full-time. The results revealed significant dissimilarity in different groups of the sample. Regarding the needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy, unskilled workers, and workers with "other" types of contracts (e.g., mandate contracts, internships) show, on average, lower levels of satisfaction with the three basic needs. Participants aged between 20 to 30, single, with no children, unskilled and shift workers reveal lower levels of psychological wellbeing. The results reveal that women perceive, on average, higher levels of stress. Job satisfaction is lower among younger adults (up to 30 years), without children, working in shifts, and with short working hours(less than 20 hours per week). The structural equation model allowed the analysis of the relationships established between the variables. It was noticed that the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs is positively associated with psychological wellbeing and negatively associated with stress. Following, psychological wellbeing is positively associated with job satisfaction, unlike stress which is negatively associated. Finally, it was concluded that the satisfaction of autonomy and relatedness needs is positively associated with job satisfaction. Only the relationship between the satisfaction of the need for competence and job satisfaction did not prove to be significant. Collectively, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, psychological wellbeing, and stress explain 61,5% of the variance of job satisfaction.
The Covid-19 pandemic has boosted the use of telework on a global scale, wherefore the dissertation aims to respond to the great challenge: how to keep employees remotely motivated? This study intends to analyze the correlation between motivation - associated with basic psychological needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy - psychological wellbeing, stress, and job satisfaction in a sample of teleworkers in Portugal. The method used was the questionnaire, having been released in April 2021, during the confinement period due to Covid-19. Of the 418 respondents, 304 were performing teleworking functions, partially or full-time. The results revealed significant dissimilarity in different groups of the sample. Regarding the needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy, unskilled workers, and workers with "other" types of contracts (e.g., mandate contracts, internships) show, on average, lower levels of satisfaction with the three basic needs. Participants aged between 20 to 30, single, with no children, unskilled and shift workers reveal lower levels of psychological wellbeing. The results reveal that women perceive, on average, higher levels of stress. Job satisfaction is lower among younger adults (up to 30 years), without children, working in shifts, and with short working hours(less than 20 hours per week). The structural equation model allowed the analysis of the relationships established between the variables. It was noticed that the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs is positively associated with psychological wellbeing and negatively associated with stress. Following, psychological wellbeing is positively associated with job satisfaction, unlike stress which is negatively associated. Finally, it was concluded that the satisfaction of autonomy and relatedness needs is positively associated with job satisfaction. Only the relationship between the satisfaction of the need for competence and job satisfaction did not prove to be significant. Collectively, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, psychological wellbeing, and stress explain 61,5% of the variance of job satisfaction.
Descrição
Mestrado Bolonha em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
Palavras-chave
Teletrabalho Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas Bem-Estar Psicológico Stresse e Satisfação no Trabalho Covid-19 Telework Basic Psychological Needs Psychological Wellbeing Stress and Job Satisfaction;
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Monteiro, Mariana Lopes (2022). “Motivação, bem-estar psicológico, stresse e satisfação no trabalho em contexto de teletrabalho”. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
