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Açores - paradiplomacia e autonomia : a participação das entidades subestatais na determinação e condução da política externa dos Estados
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Autores
Resumo(s)
RESUMO
A evolução da organização política dos Estados, alicerçada no aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas políticos democráticos e nas transformações sociais decorrentes da evolução tecnológica, tem permitido a criação de novos níveis de entidades políticas dentro do Estado, correspondendo à necessidade de, com base no princípio da subsidiariedade, valer aos anseios dos cidadãos que se posicionam em comunidades geograficamente definidas. Essas comunidades assumem a forma de municípios ou regiões, com diferentes registos face às competências que detêm. A política externa é uma matéria tradicionalmente reservada ao nível central do poder político, considerando a sua importância para a afirmação da soberania nacional. O Estado pode, todavia, ver-se confrontado com a necessidade de aceitar a participação das entidades subestatais – em concreto, as regiões - para completar um ciclo ao qual não consegue corresponder por si só. Os Açores, região autónoma de Portugal desde 1976, e ultraperiférica na União Europeia, têm trilhado um caminho político que se estende, gradualmente, a matérias antes reservadas aos órgãos de soberania, nomeadamente a política externa - num exercício de paradiplomacia -, por mérito de um processo autonómico evolutivo, mas também da evolução do próprio sistema internacional, que reconhece cada vez mais categorias de actores na sua construção.
ABSTRACT The evolution of the political organization of the states, based on the development of democratic political systems and in the social transformations that arise from technological progress, has allowed for the creation of new levels of political entities within the state. This corresponds to the need of, based on the principles of subsidiariety, express the desires of citizens who position themselves in geographically defined communities. These communities take the form of municipalities or regions, displaying a wide range of powers and competences. Foreign policy is an area that is traditionally exclusively held by the central levels of power, taking into account its importance for the affirmation of national sovereignty. The state may, however, need to accept the participation of subgovernmental entities, more concretely regions, to complete a cycle to which it cannot correspond solely by itself. The Azores, a Portuguese autonomous region since 1976, and ultra-peripheral in the context of the European Union, have walked a political path that has gradually come to encompass matters that were previously the sole domain of the organs of sovereignty, namely foreign policy - in an exercise of paradiplomacy - through an evolutionary autonomic process, but also through the evolution of the international system itself, which more and more recognizes this category of actors in its construction.
ABSTRACT The evolution of the political organization of the states, based on the development of democratic political systems and in the social transformations that arise from technological progress, has allowed for the creation of new levels of political entities within the state. This corresponds to the need of, based on the principles of subsidiariety, express the desires of citizens who position themselves in geographically defined communities. These communities take the form of municipalities or regions, displaying a wide range of powers and competences. Foreign policy is an area that is traditionally exclusively held by the central levels of power, taking into account its importance for the affirmation of national sovereignty. The state may, however, need to accept the participation of subgovernmental entities, more concretely regions, to complete a cycle to which it cannot correspond solely by itself. The Azores, a Portuguese autonomous region since 1976, and ultra-peripheral in the context of the European Union, have walked a political path that has gradually come to encompass matters that were previously the sole domain of the organs of sovereignty, namely foreign policy - in an exercise of paradiplomacy - through an evolutionary autonomic process, but also through the evolution of the international system itself, which more and more recognizes this category of actors in its construction.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política
Palavras-chave
Açores Paradiplomacia Soberania Subsidiariedade Ultraperiferia
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas