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Abstract(s)
Os problemas articulares, principalmente a Osteoartrite (OA), são responsáveis pela perda de performance e reforma antecipada dos animais. Pensa-se que o trauma é o fator desencadeante desta doença, contudo a sua etiologia não é totalmente conhecida. A OA caracteriza-se pela detioração da cartilagem articular e por alterações ósseas e nos tecidos moles periarticulares. Relativamente ao diagnóstico, este é feito com base nos sinais clínicos e na resposta aos bloqueios perineurais ou intra-articulares. O raio X é o meio de diagnóstico complementar mais utilizado para avaliar e confirmar a presença de OA. Ao longo deste estudo, numa amostra composta por 8 cavalos com OA na articulação IFP, foi realizado o exame clínico, composto pelo exame estático, palpação, teste de mobilidade, exame dinâmico e teste de flexão. Também foi realizado o exame radiológico. Deste modo, através da avaliação dos sinais clínicos e alterações radiográficas, este estudo teve como principais objetivos a compreensão dos sinais clínicos mais comuns e a análise dos sinais radiográficos mais frequentes em cavalos em plena utilização desportiva. Na maioria dos casos, detetaram-se alterações radiográficas antes de o equino apresentar qualquer sinal clínico, salientando a importância da avaliação radiográfica para a deteção mais precoce da presença de OA na articulação IFP. Foi ainda notória a congruência entre o grau de claudicação e o estado de gravidade da doença de OA na articulação IFP. Portanto, os sinais clínicos não deixam de ser importantes para avaliar a presença de OA e acompanhar o seu desenvolvimento. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns foram a presença de claudicação, com resposta positiva ao teste de flexão ativa e pior desempenho em círculo quando o membro lesado se encontrava no lado de fora e o aumento do contorno da região da quartela. Por sua vez, os sinais radiográficos mais comuns foram a presença de lise óssea e a existência de Osteófitos e Entesiófitos. De referir que em todos os casos as lesões foram nos membros anteriores e que estas se localizaram maioritariamente no aspeto medial da articulação
ABSTRACT - CASE STUDIES OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT IN EQUINES - Joint problems, mainly Osteoarthritis (OA), are responsible for the poor performance and early retirement of animals. It is believed that trauma is the triggering factor of this disease, although its etiology is not fully understood. OA is characterized by the deterioration of the articular cartilage and by bone and periarticular soft tissue changes. As for the diagnosis, it is made based on clinical signs and the response to perineural or intra-articular blocks. The X-ray is the most common complementary diagnostic method used to assess and confirm the presence of OA. Throughout this study, in a sample of 8 horses with OA in the forelimb interphalangeal joint, was conducted a clinical examination, composed by static evaluation, palpation, mobility test, dynamic evaluation and flexion test. Also, a radiological examination was performed. Thus, through the assessment of clinical signs and radiographic changes, this study had as its main purposes the understanding of the most common clinical signs and the evaluation of the most frequent radiographic signs in equine athletes. In most cases, radiographic changes were detected before the horse showing any clinical signs, highlighting the importance of radiographic evaluation for an early detection of OA in the proximal interphalangeal joint. Throughout the study, was also seen a correlation between the level of lameness and the state of development of OA in the proximal interphalangeal joint. Therefore, clinical signs remain important for assessing the presence of OA and monitoring its development. In this descriptive study, the most common clinical signs were the presence of lameness, which had a positive response to the flexion test and was worse on circles with the affected limb on the outside, and an increase in the contour of the pastern region. Also, the most common radiographic findings were the presence of bone lysis and the existence of osteophytes and enthesophytes. It is worth mentioning that all cases had lesions in the forelimbs and they were mostly located on the medial aspect of the joint
ABSTRACT - CASE STUDIES OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT IN EQUINES - Joint problems, mainly Osteoarthritis (OA), are responsible for the poor performance and early retirement of animals. It is believed that trauma is the triggering factor of this disease, although its etiology is not fully understood. OA is characterized by the deterioration of the articular cartilage and by bone and periarticular soft tissue changes. As for the diagnosis, it is made based on clinical signs and the response to perineural or intra-articular blocks. The X-ray is the most common complementary diagnostic method used to assess and confirm the presence of OA. Throughout this study, in a sample of 8 horses with OA in the forelimb interphalangeal joint, was conducted a clinical examination, composed by static evaluation, palpation, mobility test, dynamic evaluation and flexion test. Also, a radiological examination was performed. Thus, through the assessment of clinical signs and radiographic changes, this study had as its main purposes the understanding of the most common clinical signs and the evaluation of the most frequent radiographic signs in equine athletes. In most cases, radiographic changes were detected before the horse showing any clinical signs, highlighting the importance of radiographic evaluation for an early detection of OA in the proximal interphalangeal joint. Throughout the study, was also seen a correlation between the level of lameness and the state of development of OA in the proximal interphalangeal joint. Therefore, clinical signs remain important for assessing the presence of OA and monitoring its development. In this descriptive study, the most common clinical signs were the presence of lameness, which had a positive response to the flexion test and was worse on circles with the affected limb on the outside, and an increase in the contour of the pastern region. Also, the most common radiographic findings were the presence of bone lysis and the existence of osteophytes and enthesophytes. It is worth mentioning that all cases had lesions in the forelimbs and they were mostly located on the medial aspect of the joint
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Clínica
Keywords
Equino Osteoartrite Articulação interfalângica proximal Raio-x Sinais clínicos Equine Osteoarthritis Proximal Interphalangeal Joint X-ray Clinical Signs
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Bastos PMALT. 2024. Estudo de casos de osteoartrite na articulação interfalângica proximal em equinos [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária