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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Baking bread without gluten presents many challenges generally related with poor sensorial
and nutritional characteristics, and strategies to overcome this issue are needed. Despite many glutenfree
(GF) bread studies, to the best of our knowledge, few are dedicated to sweet GF bread. Sweet
breads have traditionally been an important type of food and are still frequently consumed worldwide.
Apple flour is naturally GF, and is obtained from apples which do not accomplish market quality
requirements and are being wasted. Apple flour was, therefore, characterized in terms of nutritional
profile, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity. The aim of this work was to develop a GF
bread with incorporation of apple flour, in order to study its effect on nutritional, technological, and
sensory characteristics of sweet GF bread. Additionally, in vitro starch hydrolysis and glycemic index
(GI) were also analyzed. Results demonstrated the influence of apple flour in dough’s viscoelastic
behavior, increasing G’ and G”. Regarding bread characteristics, apple flour led to better acceptance
by the consumer, with firmness increasing (21.01; 26.34; 23.88 N), and consequently specific volume
decreasing (1.38; 1.18; 1.13 cm3/g). In addition, an increase of bioactive compounds content and
antioxidant capacity of the breads were revealed. As expected, the starch hydrolysis index increased,
as well as GI. Nevertheless the values were really close to low eGI (56), which is a relevant result for a
sweet bread. Apple flour showed good technological and sensory properties as a sustainable and
healthy food ingredient for GF bread
Description
Keywords
gluten-free sweet bread apple flour dough rheology antioxidant capacity glycemic index starch hydrolysis
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Beltrão Martins, R.; Nunes, M.C.; Gouvinhas, I.; Ferreira, L.M.M.; Peres, J.A.; Barros, A.I.R.N.A.; Raymundo, A. Apple Flour in a Sweet Gluten-Free Bread Formulation: Impact on Nutritional Value, Glycemic Index, Structure and Sensory Profile. Foods 2022, 11, 3172
Publisher
MDPI