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Resumo(s)
Introdução: O sorriso constitui-se como parte integrante do leque intercomunicacional
quotidiano dos comportamentos relacionais e um fator determinante para uma aparência facial
esteticamente harmoniosa. A partir dos cinco anos de idade, a criança enfrenta a etapa da perda
da dentição decídua. Tal pode ter um impacto importante ao nível da sua autoimagem.
Objetivo: Explorar empiricamente a autorrepresentação mental que a criança tem do seu rosto,
especialmente do sorriso, aquando da perda dos dentes decíduos. Amostra: crianças (N = 62)
com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os treze anos, recrutadas na consulta de Ortodontia
da Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz. Instrumentos: Além do Consentimento Informado, onde se
pretendia envolver o adulto e a criança, foram aplicados três instrumentos concebidos
originalmente para este estudo - i) Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico; ii) Instrumento de
Autorrepresentação Gráfica do Rosto/Sorriso da Criança, para a recolha de autorretratos
referentes aos momentos anterior e posterior à perda da dentição decídua e iii) Grelha de
Análise de Conteúdos Gráficos, destinada a efetuar uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos
perceptos gráficos elaborados pelas crianças. Resultados: Em ambos os momentos antes e
depois da perda, os perceptos desenhados foram maioritariamente rostos com sorriso,
considerados investidos. Após a perda da dentição decídua, assiste-se, sobretudo, ao aumento
do tamanho da cabeça e ao surgimento de sorrisos distintos e menos harmoniosos,
nomeadamente caracterizados por espaços sem dentes e o aparecimento de dentes tortos.
Conclusão: Face a esta perda de uma parte do Eu, parece haver uma fratura psíquica ao nível
da representação mental do rosto e do sorriso. A partir dos perceptos produzidos pela amostra,
com recurso ao desenho como técnica projetiva, foi possível averiguar que a criança é capaz de
elaborar a perda e reconhece o impacto de esta etapa do desenvolvimento na sua autoimagem.
Background: The human smile is part of the daily intercommunicative behavioral range and a determining factor for an aesthetically harmonious facial presentation. From five years old on, children face the loss of deciduous teeth which may have a major impact on their self-image. Aim: To explore, from an empirical point of view, children’s self-representation, especially the smile, at the time when deciduous teeth are lost. Sample: children (N = 62) aged between 6 and 13 years old were recruited at the orthodontic consultation of Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz. Instruments: In addition to Informed Consent, which intention was to engage both the adult and the child, three instruments originally designed for this study were applied – i) Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire; ii) Child's Face/Smile Graphic SelfRepresentation Tool, for the collection of self-portraits referring to the moments before and after the loss of the primary dentition and iii) Graphic Content Analysis Grid, aiming to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the children’s drawings. Results: In both moments before and after the loss, the percepts drawn were mostly smiling faces, considered as invested. After the loss of the primary dentition, there is, above all, an increase in the size of the head and the emergence of different and disharmonious smiles, characterized by spaces without teeth and the emergence of crooked teeth. Conclusion: Facing the loss of a part of the Self, there seems to happen a psychic detachment in terms of the mental representation of both the face and the smile. Based on the percepts produced by the sample and using drawing as a projective technique, it was possible to verify that children seem to be capable of elaborating the loss and to recognize the impact of this developmental stage on their self-image.
Background: The human smile is part of the daily intercommunicative behavioral range and a determining factor for an aesthetically harmonious facial presentation. From five years old on, children face the loss of deciduous teeth which may have a major impact on their self-image. Aim: To explore, from an empirical point of view, children’s self-representation, especially the smile, at the time when deciduous teeth are lost. Sample: children (N = 62) aged between 6 and 13 years old were recruited at the orthodontic consultation of Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz. Instruments: In addition to Informed Consent, which intention was to engage both the adult and the child, three instruments originally designed for this study were applied – i) Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire; ii) Child's Face/Smile Graphic SelfRepresentation Tool, for the collection of self-portraits referring to the moments before and after the loss of the primary dentition and iii) Graphic Content Analysis Grid, aiming to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the children’s drawings. Results: In both moments before and after the loss, the percepts drawn were mostly smiling faces, considered as invested. After the loss of the primary dentition, there is, above all, an increase in the size of the head and the emergence of different and disharmonious smiles, characterized by spaces without teeth and the emergence of crooked teeth. Conclusion: Facing the loss of a part of the Self, there seems to happen a psychic detachment in terms of the mental representation of both the face and the smile. Based on the percepts produced by the sample and using drawing as a projective technique, it was possible to verify that children seem to be capable of elaborating the loss and to recognize the impact of this developmental stage on their self-image.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2022
Palavras-chave
Sorriso Autoimagem Representação mental Dentição - Crianças Dissertações de mestrado - 2022
