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O problema do referente temporal indemnizatório : o tema do momento relevante para o cálculo da indemnização é exatamente igual na indemnização por danos não patrimoniais?
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Resumo(s)
O tema desta dissertação incide sobre um tema bastante próximo da responsabilidade civil, um instituto central no direito civil português, e está intimamente ligado ao regime da obrigação de indemnizar, regulado entre os artigos 562.º e 572.º. Posto isto, propomo-nos a estudar o tema do referente temporal indemnizatório e averiguar sobre qual o momento que deve ser tido como referência, com vista ao apuramento dos danos causados pelo facto lesivo de modo a calcular o montante indemnizatório, mais concretamente se o referente em causa no âmbito da indemnização por danos patrimoniais é coincidente no cálculo de uma indemnização por danos não patrimoniais. Ainda que seja uma matéria abordada por alguns autores, tem sido negligenciada pela maioria da doutrina civilística portuguesa, apesar de durante muito tempo ter sido motivo de grandes divergências jurisprudenciais, com interpretações bastante diversas quanto à natureza, finalidade e relação entre os artigos 566.º, n.º 2, e 805.º, n.º 3, confusão que também se tem estendido para o domínio do artigo 496.º e, consequentemente, decisões contraditórias na jurisprudência portuguesa. Com o presente estudo, pretendemos compreender e explicitar o escopo do artigo 566.º, n.º 2, onde está consagrado o princípio da diferença, e a forma como se articula com o artigo 805.º, n.º 3, que antecipa a situação de mora do devedor da obrigação de indemnizar para a altura da citação judicial, de modo a que possamos efetivamente responder à pergunta fundamental desta dissertação e perceber o momento de referência para apreciação dos prejuízos imateriais causados pelo facto gerador da responsabilidade e respetivo cálculo indemnizatório. Deste modo, ao longo deste estudo iremos tocar em temáticas bastante variadas, nomeadamente os aspetos fundamentais do regime da responsabilidade civil e da obrigação de indemnizar, e iremos abordar a doutrina nacional que se pronuncia sobre o assunto aqui tratado e ainda a confusão que este tema gerou na jurisprudência lusitana, culminando com um acórdão uniformizador de jurisprudência.
The theme of this dissertation focuses on a subject closely related to civil liability, a central institution in Portuguese civil law, and is intimately tied to the rules governing the obligation to compensate, regulated between Articles 562 and 572 of the Civil Code. With this in mind, we aim to study the issue of the temporal reference for compensation and investigate which moment should serve as the reference point for assessing the damages caused by the injurious act in order to calculate the compensation amount. Specifically, we will determine whether the temporal reference for calculating compensation for patrimonial damages coincides with that used for non-patrimonial damages. Although this topic has been addressed by some authors, it has been largely neglected by the majority of Portuguese civil law scholarship, despite having long been the source of significant jurisprudential divergence. These divergences have led to highly varied interpretations regarding the nature, purpose, and relationship between Articles 566(2) and 805(3), a confusion that has also extended to Article 496 and, consequently, to contradictory decisions within Portuguese case law. Through this study, we aim to understand and clarify the scope of Article 566(2), which enshrines the principle of difference, and how it interacts with Article 805(3), which anticipates the debtor's delay in fulfilling the obligation to compensate to the moment of judicial notice. This will enable us to effectively answer the fundamental question of this dissertation: determining the appropriate temporal reference for assessing the non-material damages caused by the fact generating liability and the corresponding calculation of compensation. Throughout this study, we will address a variety of topics, including the fundamental aspects of civil liability and the obligation to compensate. Additionally, we will examine the national doctrine that has commented on the subject here adressed, as well as the confusion this issue has generated in Portuguese jurisprudence, which ultimately culminated in a jurisprudential harmonization ruling.
The theme of this dissertation focuses on a subject closely related to civil liability, a central institution in Portuguese civil law, and is intimately tied to the rules governing the obligation to compensate, regulated between Articles 562 and 572 of the Civil Code. With this in mind, we aim to study the issue of the temporal reference for compensation and investigate which moment should serve as the reference point for assessing the damages caused by the injurious act in order to calculate the compensation amount. Specifically, we will determine whether the temporal reference for calculating compensation for patrimonial damages coincides with that used for non-patrimonial damages. Although this topic has been addressed by some authors, it has been largely neglected by the majority of Portuguese civil law scholarship, despite having long been the source of significant jurisprudential divergence. These divergences have led to highly varied interpretations regarding the nature, purpose, and relationship between Articles 566(2) and 805(3), a confusion that has also extended to Article 496 and, consequently, to contradictory decisions within Portuguese case law. Through this study, we aim to understand and clarify the scope of Article 566(2), which enshrines the principle of difference, and how it interacts with Article 805(3), which anticipates the debtor's delay in fulfilling the obligation to compensate to the moment of judicial notice. This will enable us to effectively answer the fundamental question of this dissertation: determining the appropriate temporal reference for assessing the non-material damages caused by the fact generating liability and the corresponding calculation of compensation. Throughout this study, we will address a variety of topics, including the fundamental aspects of civil liability and the obligation to compensate. Additionally, we will examine the national doctrine that has commented on the subject here adressed, as well as the confusion this issue has generated in Portuguese jurisprudence, which ultimately culminated in a jurisprudential harmonization ruling.
Descrição
Direito e Prática Jurídica
Palavras-chave
Responsabilidade civil Dano patrimonial Dano não patrimonial Juros de mora Indemnização Teses de mestrado – 2026